Indoor wireless systems poses one of the biggest design challenges although it is the most flexible and easily deployable method of implementing Local Area Networks. This difficulty in predicting the propagation of radio frequency wave in indoor environments is caused by reflection, refraction, diffraction and scattering of signals due to closed proximities to furniture, walls, human beings, and reflectors like ceiling, mirrors and glasses. To help improve the user experience and guarantee good quality of service in indoor situations, the research investigated the throughput and attenuation effect on signal with respect to 4, 5, 6 and 9 inches sizes of blocks walls respectively. The characterized Path-loss exponent was 1.999 and differed from the free space model, Wall and Floor Factor model and ITU model by 53.54dB, 6.42dB and 6.85dB respectively.
A detailed report of the spectrum occupancy measurement drive conducted outdoors in three rural villages of Asong in Mkpat Enin, Ikot Akpabio in Etinan, and Afaha Offioing in Nsit Ibom Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom state in Nigeria on the UHF and VHF broadcast frequency bands is here presented. The spectrum usage on a highly conservative noise floor, was high in the VHF band, thereby not having enough free bandwidth for secondary spectrum access while the UHF band percentage utilization for the three villages were found to be at 33%, 41% and 55% with available free cumulative bandwidths of 264MHz, 232MHz, and 176MHz respectively. From the findings, Nigeria can comfortably accommodate a lightly licensed spectrum band in the UHF band to enhancer rural broadband services.
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