Abstract:The superior gluteal nerve (SGN) arises from the sacral plexus and enters the gluteal region above the piriformis where it divides into superior and an inferior branches. Former ends in the gluteus medius and occasionally gluteus minimus whereas latter supplies gluteus medius and minimus and ends in tensor fascia latae. Variations, relations, branching pattern and length of the SGN were reported in earlier studies. The present study was conducted to establish preliminary data on the length and branching pattern of the SGN and its relations with the neighbouring bony landmarks. Twenty two lower extremities were examined in 22 male and 13 female formalin fi xed cadavers. Tip of the greater trochanter was determined as the point of reference. Statistical analysis was done using student's T test. Present study will help orthopedicians performing total hip replacement through lateral and transgluteal approaches (Tab. 3, Fig. 4, Ref. 19). Full Text in PDF www.elis.sk. Key words: superior gluteal nerve, greater sciatic foramen, greater trochanter, piriformis, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae. Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, KarnatakaAddress of correspondence: B. Ray, Dr, Department of Anatomy, AIIMS Bhopal, Saket Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya PradeshThe superior gluteal nerve (SGN) arises from the sacral plexus by the dorsal divisions of ventral rami of fourth, fi fth lumbar and fi rst sacral nerves (1). It is formed within the pelvis and emerges out through the greater sciatic foramen (GSF) above the piriformis. It divides into superior and inferior branches in its further course. The superior branch ends in the gluteus medius and occasionally in the gluteus minimus. The inferior branch supplies the gluteus medius and minimus and ends in the tensor fascia latae.There are various conditions which cause pain in the hip area like arthritis, bursitis, tendonitis and fractures. Surgical treatment of arthritis of the hip joint has dramatically modifi ed in the past decade. With the advent of surgical reconstructive techniques, the pathological conditions return to near normal in few months. In the surgical approaches, splitting and refl ecting forward the anterior part of the gluteus medius and the vastus lateralis is performed as a single sheet to reattach subsequently to the greater trochanter. Most often complications in aforementioned procedures are due to the damage of blood vessels, nerves or secondary complications like infections. If the splitting of the gluteus medius is more than a few centimeter superior to the tip of the greater trochanter then the SGN and the superior gluteal vessels are at risk and it may lead to positive Trendelenburg sign with lurching gait (2).Incidence of physical damage to the SGN depends largely on its course and branching pattern (Khan and Knowles, 2007). Several authors have reported about its distance from the greater trochanter and the safe area for the SGN during approaches to the hip joint (4-14).Objective of the present study was to e...

The impressions from the pulp of finger are known as fingerprints. Using fingerprints to identify indi­viduals has become an invaluable tool worldwide. A Study of finger print pattern was performed in the prisoners and normal population (non prisoners) of hilly region to compare whorls, loops, arches and composites in each hand using ink technique. The goal of the study was to identify the behavioral traits (somatic, psychological and Neurological) of these two groups on the basis of finger print pattern. Prevalence of whorls and arches were more in right hand of control group as compare to prisoners. On contrary, loops were found more in right hand of prisoners than control group. Left hand of control and prisoners showed following results: whorls and arches in control group > prisoners and loops in prisoners > control group. Aforementioned Results were found statistically significant.

Introduction: Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) takes its origin by two heads: humero ulnar and radial.. The FDS is considered to be potential flexor of proximal interphalangeal, metacarpophalnageal and wrist joints through its insertion to the middle phalanges of lateral 4 fingers. Aim of the study was to conduct a morphometric study on FDS and to evaluate its variants in cadaveric limbs. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 25 right and 23 left upper limbs belonging to formalin fixed adult cadavers. Lengths of humeral, ulnar, radial heads of the muscle as well as its tendons were separately measured using digital caliper. Mean length of muscle bellies of humeral head, tendinous length and musculotendinous length tabulated. Results: A unique muscle belly arising from the deeper surface of left FDS as a tendon, proximal to flexor retinaculum, entering in the palm after passing through the carpal tunnel was observed. The muscle was inserted into the middle phalanx of index finger. Conclusion: Studies on absolute length of FDS are rare. The present study has significant influence on length tension relationship of afore mentioned muscle. The hazardous effects of anomalous belly of FDS and its consequences were also discussed.

to neurovascular bundles passing through it and also to achieve abso lute anaesthetic effect at the antero lateral mandibular region.

Anatomical variations are typically more common in the extensor compartment of the forearm, but uncommon in the flexor compartment. The presence of such anatomical anomalies is not usually noticed until the normal functions of an individual become hindered, or when these anomalies become a surgical problem. During routine dissection curriculum, we encountered a rare finding of bilateral Gantzer muscles in a cadaver. We describe the relationship between the Gantzer muscle and anterior interosseous nerve syndrome. Keywords: anterior interosseous nerve, anterior interosseous nerve syndrome, compartment syndromeSingapore Med J 2013; 54(5): e102-e104