Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a group of hereditary disorders that affect the quality and/or quantity of dental enamel. This paper describes the clinicopathological features of a patient who was born of nonconsanguineous parents and who presented with oral alterations, including yellow and misshapen teeth, intrapulpal calcifications, delayed tooth eruption, and gum enlargement. Scanning electron microscopy of the teeth revealed hypoplastic enamel, and a renal ultrasound detected bilateral nephrocalcinosis, leading to a diagnosis of AI and nephrocalcinosis syndrome. Since nephrocalcinosis is often asymptomatic and can be associated with impaired renal function, dentists who see children with a generalized and thin hypoplastic AI should consider a renal ultrasound scan and referral to a Nephrologist. Children with nephrocalcinosis should also be considered for a dental check.

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Gas discharge plasma is being explored nowadays for its application as an alternative to the conventional sterilization and disinfection techniques in medical sciences. We have developed the non-thermal atmospheric plasma torch to study the effect of plasma treatment on the growth rate of E. faecalis culture and biofilms. E. faecalis treated with plasma was then compared with helium gas exposed and chlorohexidine treated cultures and biofilms. All the results are analysed for significance (P < 0.001) using ANOVA and TUCKEY'S test. Optical emission spectroscopy technique has been employed in. situ to identify the species interacting with the samples. It is found that atmospheric non-thermal plasma proves to be a promising alternative to traditional disinfectants for disinfection during endodontic treatment.

This study concluded that 40% water soluble azadirachtin is as effective as 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse in reducing the S. mutans count in dental plaque. Hence, a water soluble formulation of azadirachtin may provide the maximum benefit to mankind to prevent dental caries.

Background: Dental caries is the most widespread disease affecting human race where Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus are prime microorganisms involved. Chlorhexidine is used as antiplaque agent, but it has some side effects such as unpleasant taste and staining on long-term use, leading to search of a suitable alternative. Chicory, an ayurvedic plant, has antiplaque, anti-inflammatory, and healing properties along with aromatic cooling property. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of chicory extract mouthwash and chlorhexidine mouthwash (0.12%) against S. mutans and L. acidophilus. Methods: Strains of S. mutans and Lactobacillus were grown and subjected to test solutions (chicory and chlorhexidine) and zone of inhibition measured by agar well diffusion method. Results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Zone of inhibition of chicory extract and chlorhexidine against S. mutans and Lactobacillus shows highly significant P < 0.001 with +value 19.982 and 21.731, respectively. Conclusion: Chicory extract showed statistically significant inhibition against S. mutans as compared to chlorhexidine rinse mouthwash. While chlorhexidine mouthwash has shown statistically significant inhibition against S. mutans as compared to chicory extract. Clinical Significance: Chicory has a promising antibacterial activity. Thus, it can be incorporated as one of the ingredients in mouthwash.

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Background: Dental anxiety is an important component of distress to patients in the dental operatory. If the dentist is aware of the level of anxiety of his patient, he is not only forewarned about the patient’s behavior but can also take measures to help reduce the anxiety during the operative procedure. Patients who are highly anxious about dental treatment may react differently than do those who are less anxious. We have many anxiety scales to detect in dental operatory but none of them have objectivity about reveling anxiety. Patients’ perceptions may change from time to time and so does their response. So we need an objective type of scale that will help to diagnose anxiety. Methodology: participants were divided into two groups 20 in each group. The children of both groups were given ACDAS scale to solve. (by patient and parent as this scale has an opinion of parents too) For detecting anxiety through graphology, Navrang Anxiety Scale (NAS), require unruled paper, writing matter, and pen was given to participants to write the essay and obtain the handwriting sample from the patient. Result: The significant association was seen between the graphological scale and the ACDAS scale.

Objective: The study was aimed to compare the clinical performance of newer chemo-mechanical caries removal system and conventional cavity preparation technique in children. Study Design: Forty primary molars or first permanent molars of twenty children between the age groups of seven to ten years were selected randomly and divided into two groups of twenty teeth each: Group I was treated by the mechanical method and Group II with Brix 3000 gel method. The efficacy, time taken, and the pain threshold were evaluated during the caries removal by Ericson D et al. scale, stopwatch and modified visual analog scale, respectively. The preferred choice of treatment was assessed using a questionnaire. Results: The comparison between the time taken by the two methods showed a significant difference (P < 0.05). The caries removal efficacy indicated a significant difference as well ( P < 0.05). The pain rating results indicated a notable difference in the mean Visual Analogue Scale score (P = 0.001). The comparison between the two choices of treatment indicated a significant difference at p≤0.05. Conclusion: It was concluded that airotor was efficient in caries removal and while Brix 300 had lower pain rating and better patient acceptance.