Background
Intensity of drought stress and pest attacks is forecasted to increase in the near future posing a serious threat to natural and agricultural ecosystems. Knowledge on potential effects of a combined abiotic-biotic stress on whole-plant physiology is lacking. We monitored the water status and carbon metabolism of a vine rootstock with or without scion subjected to water shortening and/or infestation with the sucking insect phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch). We measured non-structural carbohydrates and biomass of different plant organs to assess the stress-induced responses at the root, stem, and leaf level. Effects of watering on root infestation were also addressed.
Results
Higher root infestation was observed in drought-stressed plants compared to well-watered. The drought had a significant impact on most of the measured functional traits. Phylloxera further influenced vines water and carbon metabolism and enforced the sink strength of the roots by stimulating photosynthates translocation. The insect induced carbon depletion, reprogramed vine development, while preventing biomass compensation. A synergic effect of biotic-abiotic stress could be detected in several physiological and morphological traits.
Conclusions
Our results indicate that events of water shortage favour insects’ feeding damage and increase the abundance of root nodosities. Root phylloxera infestation imposes a considerable stress to the plants which might exacerbate the negative effects of drought.
El repertorio de teatro infantil y juvenil en la escena actual es realmente diverso. Y entre todas las obras que podemos ver encontramos un número considerable de montajes que son adaptaciones de obras clásicas. Sin embargo, en muchas ocasiones no son textos dramáticos de los que parten, sino textos narrativos como El Quijote o los cuentos de Perrault. Y en el caso de ser una pieza dramática, Shakespeare y su tragedia Romeo y Julieta son el autor y la obra que más vemos representados. Este trabajo analiza esta situación y trata de mostrar, a través de montajes innovadores llevados a cabo por compañías como Pie Izquierdo o Tropos Teatro de títeres, que el teatro de los dramaturgos barrocos españoles como Lope de Vega y Calderón, también puede ser una apuesta excelente para divertir y enseñar valores universales al público más joven.
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