Background Epidemic outbreaks have significant impact on psychological well-being, increasing psychiatric morbidity among the population. We aimed to describe the early psychological impact of COVID-19 and its contributing factors in a large Spanish sample, globally and according to mental status (never mental disorder NMD, past mental disorder PMD, current mental disorder CMD). Methods An online questionnaire was conducted between 19 and 26 March, five days after the official declaration of alarm and the lockdown order. Data included sociodemographic and clinical information and the DASS-21 and IES questionnaires. We analysed 21 207 responses using the appropriate descriptive and univariate tests as well as binary logistic regression to identify psychological risk and protective factors. Results We found a statistically significant gradient in the psychological impact experienced in five domains according to mental status, with the NMD group being the least affected and the CMD group being the most affected. In the three groups, the depressive response was the most prevalent (NMD = 40.9%, PMD = 51.9%, CMD = 74.4%, F = 1011.459, P < 0.001). Risk factors were female sex and classification as a case in any psychological domain. Protective factors were younger age and ability to enjoy free time. Variables related to COVID-19 had almost no impact except for having COVID-19 symptoms, which was a risk factor for anxiety in all three groups. Conclusions Our results can help develop coping strategies addressing modifiable risk and protective factors for each mental status for early implementation in future outbreaks.

DNA-induced rate acceleration has been identified as one of the key elements for the success of the DNA-based catalysis concept. Here we report on a novel DNA-based catalytic Friedel-Crafts conjugate addition/enantioselective protonation reaction in water, which represents the first example of a reaction that critically depends on the >700- to 990-fold rate acceleration caused by the presence of a DNA scaffold. The DNA-induced rate acceleration observed is the highest reported due to the environment presented by a biomolecular scaffold for any hybrid catalyst, to date. Based on a combination of kinetics and binding studies, it is proposed that the rate acceleration is in part due to the DNA acting as a pseudophase, analogous to micelles, in which all reaction components are concentrated, resulting in a high effective molarity. The involvement of additional second coordination sphere interactions is suggested by the enantioselectivity of the product. The results presented here show convincingly that the DNA-based catalysis concept, thanks to the DNA-accelerating effect, can be an effective approach to achieving a chemically challenging reaction in water.

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Neutral half‐sandwich azidoruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(N3){κ3(N,N,N)‐Tp}(PPh3)(PTA)] (1a) [Tp = hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate, PTA = 1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane] and cationic [Ru(N3){κ3(N,N,N)‐Tp}(PPh3)(1‐R‐PTA)][X] [R = Me (1b), CH2CH=CH2 (1c)] have been synthesized. Complexes 1a–c react with tetracyanoethylene through a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition to give the corresponding tetrazolato derivatives [Ru(N4C{C(CN)=C(CN)2}){κ3(N,N,N)‐Tp}(PPh3)(PTA)] (2a) and [Ru(N4C{C(CN)=C(CN)2}){κ3(N,N,N)‐Tp}(PPh3)(1‐R‐PTA)][X] [R = Me (2b), CH2CH=CH2 (2c)]. Neutral azido complex 1a also reacts with activated alkynes dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) and diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DEAD) to give the corresponding triazolato derivatives [Ru{N3C2(CO2R)2}{κ3(N,N,N)‐Tp}(PPh3)(PTA)] [R = Me (3), Et (4)].

Chiral indenylruthenium(II) [Ru(η5‐C9H7){κ2(P,N)‐FcPN}(PPh3)][PF6] (1), [Ru(η5‐C9H7)Cl{κ2(P,N)‐FcPN}] (2) and areneruthenium(II) [RuX(η6‐arene){κ2(P,N)‐FcPN}][PF6] [η6‐arene = p‐cymene, X = Cl (6a), H (7), N3 (8); η6‐arene = 1,2,3,4‐tetramethylbenzene, X = Cl (6b)] complexes containing the chiral ligand (4S)‐2‐[(SP)‐2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocenyl]‐4‐(methylethyl)oxazoline (FcPN) have been synthesised diastereoselectively. Reaction of 2 with terminal alkynes allows the synthesis of alkynyl [Ru(η5‐C9H7)(C≡CR){κ2(P,N)‐FcPN}] [R = Ph (3a), p‐CH3C6H4 (3b)], allenylidene [Ru(η5‐C9H7){κ2(P,N)‐FcPN}(=C=C=CPh2)][PF6] (4) and Fischer‐type carbene [Ru(η5‐C9H7){κ2(P,N)‐FcPN}{=C(OMe)CH=CHPh}][PF6] (5) complexes. The structures of complexes 2, 3a and 6a have been determined by X‐ray diffraction methods. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)

Background A previously published meta-analysis found that about one-third of the general population experienced some mental health problem during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, potentially leading to a late mental health crisis. We aimed to describe the acute, short-term, and long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. Methods A one-year online survey (S) was conducted in Spain (April 2020 - March 2021). We recruited 18 180 subjects using a virtual respondent-driven snowball sampling method (S1 April 2020, n = 6108; S2 October-November 2020, n = 6418; S3 March 2021, n = 5654). Participants completed the Spanish Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results Overall, our results suggest a progressive increase in the prevalence of anxiety and stress throughout the pandemic waves and relative stability of depression. Women had a greater probability of having depression, anxiety, or stress than men in each survey ( P < 0.001). The youngest group (aged 18-24) reported a higher probability ( P < 0.05) of having depression, anxiety, or stress than the older groups in S1 and S2. Middle-aged people (25-59) had a greater probability of being a case in the DASS-21 scales than the oldest group (60+), except for depression in men ( P = 0.179). In S3, the trend changed: the youngest group showed a decrease in depression and stress while the oldest group showed a dramatic increase (anxiety: men = 664.5%, women = 273.52%; stress: men = 786%, women = 431.37%). Conclusions It is plausible to conclude that COVID-19 psychological fatigue exists, especially in middle-aged and older adults. Strategies to assist people who have fewer coping skills should be implemented in the near future.