10This paper presents the development of a rule-based energy management control strategy suitable for isolated 11 diesel power-plants equipped with a battery energy storage system for peak load shaving. The proposed control strategy 12 includes the generator scheduling strategy and peak load leveling scheme based on current microgrid active and reactive 13 power requirements. In order to investigate the potentials for fuel expenditure reduction, 30 days-worth of microgrid power 14 flow data has been collected on an isolated land-based oil drilling rig powered by a diesel generator power-plant, characterized 15 by highly-variable active and reactive load profiles due to intermittent engagements and disengagements of high-power 16 electric machinery such as top-drive, draw-works and mud-pump motors. The analysis has indicated that by avoiding the 17 low-power operation of individual generators and by providing the peak power requirements (peak shaving) from a 18 dedicated energy storage system, the power-plant fuel efficiency may be notably improved. An averaged power flow 19 simulation model has been built, comprising the proposed rule-based power flow control strategy and the averaged model of a 20 suitably sized battery energy storage system equipped with grid-tied power converter and state-of-charge control system. The 21 effectiveness of the proposed rule-based strategy has been evaluated by means of computer simulation analysis based on 22 drilling rig microgrid active and reactive power data recorded during the 30 day period. The analysis has indicated that fuel 23 consumption of thus modified drilling rig diesel generator power-plant can be reduced by about 12% compared to current 24 practice in the field relying on human operator-based decision making, which would also result in proportional reduction of 25 carbon-dioxide emissions. Finally, the analysis has also shown that the return-of-investment period for the considered battery 26 energy storage system might be between one and two years depending on the power-plant utilization (duty) ratio. 27Keywords: Oil drilling rig microgrid; Diesel power-plant; fuel efficiency; energy management; battery energy storage; 28 return-of-investment period. 29
The widespread use of fossil fuels and their limitation leads to find other sources of energy. Solar thermal energy is a possible solution. There are many projects that use renewable energy. Solar thermal energy can be easily used for heating. However, there are problems in the efficiency of solar collectors, the loss of heat, the consistency of heat supply, temperature and weather conditions, the biggest problem being the heat storage. In this paper is provided an overview of the methodologies for thermal integration of solar heating systems implemented in various projects and research. Solar heating systems have different designs and can generate heat in different temperature ranges. The main emphasis in this comprehensive overview is the systematisation of the various methodologies used in the integration of solar heat in production. In principle, solar heating systems are directly connected to the production systems. Furthermore, a few methodologies like Pinch technology, mathematical modelling and cogeneration are included.
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