CMF should be included in the differential diagnosis of bone surface lesions. The clinical and radiologic findings must be known. The morphology of this lesion is similar to conventional CMF with the exception of focal exuberant calcification. Conservative therapy is the treatment of choice.

The effect of using a 30% cutoff for the proportion of HER2+ cells on the interobserver variability in the interpretation of HER2 immunohistochemical results was evaluated. Immunostained sections from 96 cases of breast carcinoma were reviewed by 10 pathologists and scored as positive (3+) when uniform strong membranous staining was identified in at least 10% of tumor cells; the actual percentage of cells with such staining was also estimated. The agreement rates and the kappa values using a 30% cutoff were compared with those using a 10% cutoff. These proved to be higher in 62% and 66% of measurements, respectively, with average interobserver rates and kappa values of 72% and 0.54 using the 30% cutoff and 70% and 0.49 using the 10% cutoff (P=.001 for all comparisons). Using a 30% cutoff for the percentage of HER2+ cells by immunohistochemical analysis modestly decreased interobserver variability in the interpretation of HER2 immunohistochemical results.

Osteoblastomas are rare bone-producing neoplasms that generally occur in the young and can be misdiagnosed as an osteosarcoma if correlation with clinical history, radiology, and histology is not carefully considered or if the several variants of osteoblastoma are not recognized. These variants lie on a morphologic spectrum between conventional osteoblastoma and osteosarcoma. Aggressive osteoblastoma is one such subtype. As the name implies, the histologic features of aggressive osteoblastoma may appear malignant, and its biologic behavior may separate it from conventional osteoblastoma. We report a case of aggressive osteoblastoma occurring in the femoral diaphysis of a 12-year-old girl; this osetoblastoma was dyssynchronous from the radiologic appearance and a diagnostic challenge. Cytogenetic evaluation of the neoplasm revealed a pseudodiploid clone with a balanced translocation involving chromosomes 4, 7, and 14. Using the premise that cytogenetics might be useful as a diagnostic tool for a more specific classification, we reviewed the literature in order to compare our findings with known chromosomal aberrations.

The data demonstrated significant expression of PDGFR targets of imatinib mesylate in GCTs, whereas normal ovarian tissues had a complete absence of staining.This expression profile provides the rationale to investigate the role of imatinib mesylate in PDGFR-positive GCTs.

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BACKGROUND.The role of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) in the evaluation of spindle cell and mesenchymal lesions is unclear. This study reviews the use of EUS‐FNA in diagnosing intrathoracic and intra‐abdominal spindle and mesenchymal cell lesions at an academic institution.METHODS.All EUS‐FNA specimens with a significant spindle or mesenchymal cell component were retrieved. Follow‐up was comprised of clinical correlation, chart review, or evaluation of subsequent tissue specimens, including FNAs, biopsies, and/or surgical resections. Lesions were categorized as either inflammatory/reactive or neoplastic.RESULTS.Forty‐four EUS‐FNA specimens were retrieved from 39 patients (21 men and 18 women with a median age of 61 years [range, 20‐88 years]). Anatomic sites included 19 lymph node specimens, 15 gastrointestinal tract specimens, 7 pancreatic specimens, and 4 other anatomic site specimens. Twenty‐two cases were inflammatory/reactive lesions, including 17 granulomatous lesions and 5 cases of chronic pancreatitis. Twenty‐two cases were neoplastic, including 14 gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 2 smooth muscle tumors, 2 sarcomatoid carcinomas, 2 melanomas, 1 sarcoma, and 1 solitary fibrous tumor. A specific cytologic diagnosis was rendered in 30 cases (81%). Immunocytochemistry was performed on 21 neoplastic cases and contributed to the differential diagnosis in 18 cases. No false‐positive findings were encountered. Three false‐negative results were identified and were attributed to sampling error.CONCLUSIONS.Spindle cell neoplasms are rarely encountered on EUS‐FNA. The differential diagnosis encompasses a wide variety of benign and neoplastic entities. Correlation of cytomorphology and ancillary studies yields a high diagnostic accuracy of spindle cell and mesenchymal lesions on EUS‐FNA. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.

Context.—Mucins are glycoproteins produced by both normal and neoplastic glandular epithelial cells including endocervix. Objective.—To determine the expression of mucins in uterine cervical glandular lesions and whether mucin expression correlates with the nature and origin of the glandular lesions. Design.—Antibodies to MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, and MUC5AC were applied on 52 cases including 14 endocervical adenocarcinomas (including 4 adenosquamous carcinomas), 9 endometrial carcinomas (8 endometrioid adenocarcinomas and 1 adenosquamous carcinoma), 8 adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), 2 glandular dysplasias, 6 tubal metaplasias, 10 microglandular hyperplasias, and 3 normal endocervix. The presence of any staining was considered positive. Results.—All benign endocervical epithelia, including tubal metaplasia and microglandular hyperplasia, expressed MUC1, MUC4, and MUC5AC but not MUC2. Almost all endocervical AIS and carcinomas and all endometrial adenocarcinomas expressed MUC1; the exceptions were 2 cases of endocervical adenocarcinoma and 1 case of adenosquamous carcinoma of the endocervix. MUC2 staining was noted in 25%, 40%, and 22% of AIS, endocervical adenocarcinomas, and endometrial adenocarcinomas, respectively. About 38% of AIS, 75% of endocervical adenocarcinomas, and 44% of endometrial adenocarcinomas expressed MUC4. Half of AIS, most of endocervical adenocarcinomas, and 22% of endometrial adenocarcinomas expressed MUC5AC. The difference in MUC4 and MUC5AC expression between benign endocervical lesions and AIS and the difference in MUC5AC expression between endocervical and endometrial neoplasms were statistically significant. Conclusions.—Mucin expressions differed among benign endocervical lesions and AIS and among endocervical and endometrial malignancies. These results suggest that mucin staining may potentially be helpful in differentiating various uterine cervical glandular lesions.

Date Presented 04/21/2023 Sexual and gender minorities with a disability have significantly higher rates of health care discrimination than those without. Understanding such disparities can help OT practitioners promote occupational justice and health equity. Primary Author and Speaker: Kelsey A. Gately Contributing Authors: Allyson Baker, Monique Dawes, Jennifer Swanberg, Samantha Rosenthal