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Intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) for bilateral breast/chest wall and comprehensive nodal irradiation for synchronous bilateral breast cancer: initial clinical experience and dosimetric comparison, Advances in Radiation Oncology (2022), doi:

Highlights IMRT is associated with favorable toxicity rates for patients with anal cancer. Outcomes were favorable for those with T3-4 tumors or lymph node involvement. Current smokers are at a higher risk of severe dermatologic toxicity. Overall treatment duration greater than 39 days is associated with recurrence.

The purpose of this review is to describe the commercially available rectal spacers in pelvic radiation therapy, including prostate cancer and gynecologic malignancies, and to discuss the application, dosimetric effects, and reported clinical outcomes to date. Expert commentary: Several groups have reported significantly reduced rectal doses and decreased rectal toxicity with prostate-rectal spacers, and additional evidence continues to emerge to support this promising approach.