Objective The objective of this study is to define a role for S1PR3 in intimal hyperplasia. Methods and Results A denudation model of the iliac-femoral artery in wild-type and S1PR3-null mice was used to define a role for S1PR3 in the arterial injury response because we found in humans and mice that expression of S1PR3 is higher in these arteries when compared to carotid arteries. At 28 days after surgery, wild-type arteries form significantly larger lesions than S1PR3-null arteries. BrdU labeling experiments demonstrate that upon injury, wild-type arteries exhibit higher medial as well as intimal proliferation than S1PR3-null arteries. Because S1PR3 expression in vitro is low, we expressed S1PR3 in S1PR3-null SMCs using retroviral-mediated gene transfer to study S1PR3 effects on cell functions and signaling. SMCs expressing S1PR3, but not vector-transfected controls, respond to S1P stimulation with activation of Rac, Erk and Akt. SMCs expressing S1PR3 also grow migrate more. Conclusion In humans and mice, S1PR3 expression is higher in iliac-femoral arteries compared to carotid arteries. S1PR3 promotes neointimal hyperplasia upon denudation of iliac-femoral arteries in mice, likely by stimulating cell migration and proliferation through activation of signaling pathways involving Erk, Akt and Rac.
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