The free-flowing Usumacinta River maintains an average annual water-level fluctuation of 6.7 m. This study evaluated relationships between 14 physicochemical and biological variables and key factors in four water-level conditions in a riverfloodplain system. The analysis incorporated intra-annual variation in all variables, with each selected in accordance with multiple statistical and physicochemical criteria. Possible correlations were examined as a function of various physicochemical and biological factors at each water level. Within the study area, defined by a temporal gradient in principal component 1, the yearly river overflow above the bankfull stage is characterized by water with a low level of total suspended solids. Data on riverine wetlands suggest that seasonal changes are key to determining intra-and inter-annual chlorophyll-a levels and water clarity. However, opposite trends are observed for high and low water-level conditions. Nutrient enrichment cannot be taken as the key physicochemical factor of water level, under either water-level conditions, due to the lack of a temporal gradient in principal component 2 and the high biochemical variability of nitrate and orthophosphate levels. In conclusion, the hypothesis was accepted for the production of phytoplankton biomass and light attenuation at low and high water levels, as both were dependent on intra-annual changes. The increases in chlorophyll-a related to the minimal variability at the lowest water level open the opportunity to gauge this relationship as a possible environmental predictor for river-floodplain systems.
Water quality indicators have been tied to natural or man-made surface hydraulic connection (SHC) conditions. Among these, temporally connected lakes (TCL) are hydraulic intermediates between isolated (IL) and permanently connected lakes (PCL). Therefore, the aim of this study is to answer if water quality indicators can estimate the possible overlap between the two opposed conditions of SHC (IL and PCL) with the intermediate one (TCL) in lakes with similar modifications in the water level regulation at the basin level. Among nine water variables sampled in six lakes with the three SHC conditions mentioned, chlorophyll a (Chl-a), Secchi disk (SD), and total phosphorus (TP) were identified as quality water indicators through principal component analysis. Furthermore, said indicators were used to measure their overlap and trophic state index deviations. The Chl-a, SD, and TP values in TCL showed a 0.72 overlap of PCL and IL. TP surplus measured in all the lakes was meaningful in urbanized ILs and lessened in a rural lake (PCL6) with submerged rooted macrophytes. The estimated overlap of trophic indicators between TCL, IL, and PCL in this study must be verified at a global representative scale for predictive and preventive use in the conservation of tropical coastal plain lakes.
The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large‐scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications.
Se presenta una lista sistemática de peces recolectados durante 2014 y 2015 en la Reserva de la Biosfera Pantanos de Centla con un incremento del 25% de su diversidad principalmente por la presencia de peces diádromos. El inventario comprende 75 especies, que representa el 37% de la ictiofauna en la cuenca Grijalva-Usumacinta, de las cuales cinco especies fueron no nativas invasoras donde el bagre armado (Pterygoplichthys spp.) fue el que presentó la mayor frecuencia de captura. Se identificaron 48 especies migratorias (38 diádromas y 10 potamodromas). La dominancia de peces diádromos y su presencia en sistemas de lagunas y fluviales nos indica el mantenimiento de la interconexión hidráulica entre ríos y lagunas. En los muestreos, se observó la ausencia de siete especies dulceacuícolas que fueron comunes en publicaciones previas, lo anterior puede ser debido a la disminución de hábitats como consecuencia de las actividades humanas y la introducción de especies invasoras. En este estudio se resalta la necesidad de mayores estudios enfocados a la biología de varias especies, con el objetivo de aclarar su condición de potamodromia y comprender la migración lateral que algunas especies presentan durante su ontogenia para satisfacer sus necesidades eco-fisiológicas.
Allometric growth and reduced pectoral fin regeneration rate in terrestrialized Polypterus senegalus Crecimiento alométrico y disminución de la capacidad de regeneración de la aleta pectoral en Polypterus senegalus terrestrizados
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