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Ten aphasics were compared with ten control subjects on their ability to discriminate between visually-presented words. Three variables were systematically varied: (1) word length, (2) word frequency, and (3) word similarity. The task was a simple ‘matching-to-sample’ experimental situation, where Ss were required to push one of two buttons. A special pre-training procedure was employed which made it possible to include even very severely impaired aphasics who would normally be excluded from such experiments due to their inability to follow procedural instructions. The two dependent variables were (1) errors, and (2) response latency. The two groups did not show a significant difference on number of errors, but were significantly different on response latency.

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Twenty subjects (average age, 67.9 years) were given hyperbaric oxygen (100% at 2 atmospheres pressure) for 15 daily sessions of two hours each. Comparison of “before” and “after” intelligence‐test results revealed substantial improvement, particularly in tests concerned with short‐term memory and visual organization. The subjects who benefited most were those whose “before” Wechsler Memory Quotients were between 70 and 110. There was no indication that the improvement reached a plateau after 15 sessions.