Energetic
tobacco (EnT) is a type of genetically modified tobacco
with a focus on energy. Its seeds are larger and appear in greater
quantity than those of conventional tobacco. This plant easily adapts
to unproductive soils and is practically free of nicotine. The oil
seed from EnT can be used for producing biodiesel without competition
with edible oils. Additionally, the resulting residual cake can be
thermally degraded to bio-oil and biochar through pyrolysis processes.
In this study, the fast pyrolysis (700 °C at 100 °C min–1) of the residual cake of EnT seeds was performed
in a fixed bed reactor (quartz), yielding approximately 40% (in mass)
liquid products (bio-oil and an aqueous phase). After removal of the
aqueous phase, the organic phase was submitted to an acid–alkaline
extraction of the N-compounds in a simple and efficient way. The bio-oil
and alkaline extract were analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional
gas chromatography coupled to fast-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Compounds
were tentatively identified by similarity with a commercial library
of mass spectra and using retention indexes. The main classes of compounds
identified were phenols, hydrocarbons, and N-compounds (imidazole,
pyridine, and their derivatives), with the potential to be applied
in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries as well as biofuel production.
The alkaline extraction resulted in the isolation of the main N-components,
a finding fundamental for the utilization of these compounds for the
production of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and polymers.
The present study investigated the essential oil obtained from Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg, an aromatic plant used in Brazilian folk medicine. The chemical composition was performed by GC×GC/qMS. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were evaluated by DPPH and BCB and, MIC assays, respectively. Sixty-eight compounds were identified in the oil, where the major compounds were bicyclogermacrene (15%), globulol (5%) and spathulenol (5%). Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (29 compounds) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (20 compounds) were the most representative classes of terpenes. DPPH (IC value 26.1 ± 0.5 μg/mL) and BCB (68.3 ± 1.5%) values indicated a significant antioxidant activity. The essential oil strongly inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 15 ± 0.1 μg/mL), Escherichia coli (MIC 25 ± 0.2 μg/mL) and Candida albicans (MIC 5 ± 0.1 μg/mL). The results give a deeper understanding of the chemical composition and report for the first time the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of the C. guazumifolia essential oil.
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