Acarajé is an Afro-Brazilian culinary specialty sold throughout the city of Salvador. Because of its African origins, acarajé is typically used as a sacred food in the meetinghouses or terreiros of Afro-Brazilian religious traditions such as Candomblé. The image of the acarajé seller Á dressed in a flowing white dress elaborated with lace and beads Á selling this so-called 'food of the gods' has become one of the most iconic images of Salvador, the capital of Bahia. It is often used to depict the city as rustic, quaint, and Á most importantly Á Black. However, evangelical churches decry the consumption of acarajé and its use in the terreiro as devil worship and have introduced so-called bolinhos de Jesus or Jesus's acarajé as a Christian alternative. This article explores how questions about Blackness and the African past, competitive religious identity, gender, and ethnicity all converge and intersect within the symbol of the Baiana and the food she sells.
This paper presents performance characteristics of a MR impact damper for controllable bumper in vehicle systems. Recently, several mechanisms are proposed in order to minimize the injury of vehicle occupants during frontal collision. One of promising candidates is to adopt MR fluid which undergoes significant instantaneous reversible changes in material characteristics when subjected to magnetic field. Using this salient property, a new type of MR impact damper is devised in this work. The proposed MR impact damper is integrated with bellows to induce the flow motion and the motion is operated under flow mode. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed impact damper, a lumped parameter mathematical model of frontal vehicle crash system including MR impact damper is developed and realized in order to evaluate acceleration peak reductions in the frontal collision.
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