One of the major problems associated with the negative environmental impact of vehicles is the significant level of CO 2 emissions. The increasing concentration in CO 2 in the atmosphere as a result of vehicle emissions is accompanied by both an increase in the consumption of petroleum fuels, which have limited resources, and global climate change. The aim of this work is to improve the mechanism of economic stimulation to reduce CO 2 emissions from vehicles through changes in the system of taxation of oil products. Analytic investigation by the authors and the systematization of the main methods of reducing vehicle CO 2 emissions have revealed the required government direction to improve the economic management of their implementation and the necessity for priority stimulation to produce and consume fuel that is more environmentally acceptable. One effective instrument for such stimulus is an improved method of taxing oil products through the introduction of a new tax which takes into account the level of CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion while also taking state measures to limit the growth in prices for gasoline and diesel fuel. The authors have found the dependence of vehicle CO 2 emissions on the qualitative characteristics of consumed fuel (gasoline and diesel) and have substantiated a methodological approach to the tax calculation.
The growing vehicle fleet, which is the largest consumer of the hydrocarbon fuels and the emitter of toxic substances and greenhouse gases, creates the serious environmental challenges that require an integrated approach to solve them. Simulation of the alternative scenarios for the traffic flows distribution allows evaluating the impact of various schemes of the road traffic organization and changes of the road infrastructure on the state of atmospheric air. It is necessary to consolidate the application of the legislative, economic and management mechanisms, orienting parties responsible for the negative consequences of the car operation to implement the optimal technological solutions. Possible economic incentives for the manufacturers of the vehicles, fuel producers, and the car owners are discussed, which enable to improve the environmental safety of the motor vehicles operation. The proposed model of an environmental fuel tax has been tested in the evaluating of the annual value of the possible additional tax revenues from a number of Russian refineries. The introduction of the proposed tax model can significantly reduce the negative consequences of vehicles operation.
Road transport is one of the main consumers of petroleum products and sources of air pollution. In the conditions of Russia's fast-growing vehicle fleet, it is necessary to develop and implement effective measures to reduce the consumption of scarce oil fuels and stimulate the use of alternative eco-friendly fuels. The aim of this work is to assess the prospects for the use of alternative fuels and energy by cars in Russia. This paper outlines the main ways of reducing the gasoline and diesel fuel consumption by road transport, including the use of the motor fuel alternative types. As the most promising direction of alternative energy development in the road transport sector regarding Russia's conditions, a transition to gas-cylinder fuel is proposed. This study presents the main problems of road transport gasification and the ways to solve them. The effective actions in the selected fields will reduce the consumption of scarce fuel and energy resources and enable improvement of the environmental situation in megalopolises.
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