The article deals with the study of the interaction between eight South American countries (Brazil, Bolivia, Venezuela, Guyana, Colombia, Peru, Suriname and Ecuador) in the frame of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO). The study of ACTO’s activity is becoming a particular relevance currently, when the integration processes in Latin America are going through crisis and it's difficult to predict the prospects of regional dialogue, including the environmental component, connected with the social and economic factors. Considering this research, the authors drew on the theory of regional integration, the neoliberal IR theory and used the problematic-chronological method in considering the program documents and projects of ACTO.
During periods of acute political crises, wars, formation of state foundations, the effectiveness of the leader's personal style, his strategy and tactics play an important role. The history of Brazil is impossible to understand without studying the personality of the Brazilian Emperor Pedro II, the “citizen-emperor”, the man of encyclopedic knowledge, the supporter of the ideals of enlightenment, who was on the throne for almost 50 years. The monarch's travels in Europe and the Middle East made Brazil "visible" to these countries. Don Pedro, who knew well the social philosophy and theory of Charles Darwin, became the only emperor who went through the Holy Land with the Bible in his hands, striving to fully understand the Holy Scriptures, and personally made a number of translations from the Old Testament. The personal qualities of the monarch – delicacy, attentiveness, tolerance – were complemented by persistence and exactingness in addressing key issues. This style allowed him to be actively present on the political scene and achieve relative stability when Brazil was called a “crown democracy”. The purpose of the article is to show the role of the Emperor in preserving the territorial unity of the country, its economic development, in understanding the importance of religion in the upbringing and moral improvement of a person, along with education and culture. The author relies in the study on the principles of historicism and integrity, applies the problem-chronological method in the presentation of the material.
The article contains a comparison of Spanish and Portuguese soft power models. Within the framework of the problem-chronological approach, mainly the method of comparative analysis was applied. On the basis of the historical parallels between the two Iberian states, the authors highlight the origins of the modern Spanish and Portuguese brands. They investigate national interpretations of the concept of soft power in Spain and Portugal and compare their main elements in the national formulas of soft power. Besides, the differences in the assessment of Spanish and Portuguese soft power in international rankings is pointed out. After the analysis of the structures of soft power management in Spain and Portugal is conducted, the attention is drawn to the juxtaposition of the activities and the influence of two linguistic institutions: the Cervantes Institute and the Camões Institute. The following conclusion is drawn: the soft power of Spain and Portugal is based on similar resources but is implemented with varying degrees of success. The Spanish soft power model became more attractive. The main reason for this is the absence of a body responsible for the national brand in Portugal, while the Spanish soft power is regulated by a government authority, The Portuguese brand is mainly managed by private institutions with little or no coordination between them.
Brazil and Indonesia: Horizons of a Strategic Partnership * There are many similarities between the national growth of Brazil and Indonesia. Both countries are rich in natural resources, play a vital role in the establishment of regional blocs, are members of G-20 and adhere to the principles of preventive diplomacy. The objective of this article is to show the role of the concept of strategic partnerships in the foreign policy of Brazil, whose international influence in the UN and other global structures is actively growing, and also to identify the characteristics of such partnership with Indonesia. Southeast Asia is becoming extremely important for the international economic system, and Indonesia, located on 17,000 islands, has an important geostrategic position, since all major sea routes in the Indian and Pacific Ocean pass through it. Indonesia is currently distinguished thanks to its steady economic growth, political stability, integration into the global economy, and increased activity on international platforms. Consequently, it is no surprise that Brazilian-Indonesian strategic partnership has started to manifest itself not only in the development of comprehensive ties, but also in the cooperation in upholding the ideas of sustainable development, disarmament, as well as the peaceful resolution of conflicts on the global level. The authors utilized a problematic-chronological method that allowed to analyze the areas of contacts between Brazil and Indonesia in the global arena, to find the problems and promising areas of partnership-including the oil and gas sector, the exchange of technologies, the creation of favorable investment climate, the coordination of activity in international organizations, and willingness to take into consideration mutual interests.
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