Plants have improved robust mechanisms to recognize and respond to various environmental stimuli such as stress like biotic and abiotic stress. Biotic stress includes fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens invasion, progression, and development of diseases. The plants have to encounter these microorganisms during 24-h a day. So as to protect themselves, plants have evolved numerous passive and active defence mechanisms to disrupt the progression of pathogens. The plant circadian clock stimulates daily rhythm in the activity of countless processes. These rhythms are harmonized to the diurnal day/night cycle by light as well as temperature. They control defence responses in plants against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens by modulating the expression of various genes of defence component pathways such as opening and closing of stomata (CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY)), ROS and RNS, Myb factor, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase and ubiquitin-like protein, arachidonic acid, Isochorismate Synthase1 (ICS1), EDS1, COI, JAZ genes, etc. Additionally, redox state of a cell regulates defence components and circadian rhythm. Altogether these studies have revealed that circadian clock helps in regulating the pathways of defence essential for the plant survival.
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