Benzothiazoles have recognized pharmacophores in the field of research, predominantly in synthetic and medicinal chemistry, on account of their significant pharmaceutical properties. This important class of derivatives endows an extensive range of biological activities like anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antituberculosis, enzyme inhibitors, etc. Hence, various methodologies have been accomplished to synthesize benzothiazole compounds considering the purity, yield, and selectivity of the products. This review provides different reaction methods that are involved in the synthesis of a variety of benzothiazole derivatives.
Thiazole and the related nuclei constitute one of the most significant moieties in the extensively emerging domain of heterocyclic compounds. The versatile nature of the thiazole nucleus can be determined by the fact that it is present in natural products like vitamin B1 and its derivatives exhibit diverse biological activities ranging from antimicrobial, anticancer, antihistaminic, antioxidant, etc. These have also emerged as potent CNS agents and are primarily used in the treatment of various CNS disorders. The Structure-activity relationship of various amine derivatives of ethylated thiazole demonstrates their use as potential agents in the treatment of melanoma, pigmentation as well as solar elastosis. Thiazole fused with different heterocyclic systems results in many novel derivatives with higher therapeutic activity. Benzothiazole and Thiazolopyrimidine have a distinct position in this regard. This review focuses on the central role of thiazole and its derivatives in current drug design covering a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities associated with them.
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