The present study aims to determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic confinement on air quality among populous sites of four major metropolitan cities in India (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai) from January 1, 2020 to May 31, 2020 by analyzing particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), ammonia (NH 3), sulfur dioxide (SO 2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone levels. The most prominent pollutant concerning air quality index (AQI) was determined by Pearson's correlation analysis and unpaired Welch's two-sample t test was carried out to measure the statistically significant reduction in average AQI for all the four sites. AQI significantly plummeted by 44%, 59%, 59%, and 6% in ITO-Delhi, Worli-Mumbai, Jadavpur-Kolkata, and Manali Village-Chennai respectively. The findings conclude a significant improvement in air quality with respect to reduction of 49-73%, 17-63%, 30-74%, and 15-58% in the mean concentration of PM2.5, PM10, NH 3 , and SO 2 respectively during the confinement for the studied locations. The p values for all of the four studied locations were found significantly less than the 5% level of significance for Welch's t test analysis. In addition, reduced AQI values were highly correlated with prominent pollutants (PM2.5 and PM10) during Pearson's correlation analysis. These positive results due to pandemic imprisonment might aid to alter the current policies and strategies of pollution control for a safe and sustainable environment.

Background Structural and cultural barriers limit Indian women’s access to adequate postnatal care and support despite their importance for maternal and neonatal health. Targeted postnatal education and support through a mobile health intervention may improve postnatal recovery, neonatal care practices, nutritional status, knowledge and care seeking, and mental health. Objective We sought to understand the feasibility and acceptability of our first pilot phase, a flexible 6-week postnatal mobile health intervention delivered to 3 groups of women in Punjab, India, and adapt our intervention for our next pilot phase, which will formally assess intervention feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy. Methods Our intervention prototype was designed to deliver culturally tailored educational programming via a provider-moderated, voice- and text-based group approach to connect new mothers with a social support group of other new mothers, increase their health-related communication with providers, and refer them to care needed. We targeted deployment using feature phones to include participants from diverse socioeconomic groups. We held moderated group calls weekly, disseminated educational audios, and created SMS text messaging groups. We varied content delivery, group discussion participation, and chat moderation. Three groups of postpartum women from Punjab were recruited for the pilot through community health workers. Sociodemographic data were collected at baseline. Intervention feasibility and acceptability were assessed through weekly participant check-ins (N=29), weekly moderator reports, structured end-line in-depth interviews among a subgroup of participants (15/29, 52%), and back-end technology data. Results The participants were aged 24 to 28 years and 1 to 3 months postpartum. Of the 29 participants, 17 (59%) had their own phones. Half of the participants (14/29, 48%) attended ≥3 of the 6 calls; the main barriers were childcare and household responsibilities and network or phone issues. Most participants were very satisfied with the intervention (16/19, 84%) and found the educational content (20/20, 100%) and group discussions (17/20, 85%) very useful. The participants used the SMS text messaging chat, particularly when facilitator-moderated. Sustaining participation and fostering group interactions was limited by technological and sociocultural challenges. Conclusions The intervention was considered generally feasible and acceptable, and protocol adjustments were identified to improve intervention delivery and engagement. To address technological issues, we engaged a cloud-based service provider for group calls and an interactive voice response service provider for educational recordings and developed a smartphone app for the participants. We seek to overcome sociocultural challenges through new strategies for increasing group engagement, including targeting midlevel female community health care providers as moderators. Our second pilot will assess intervention feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness at 6 months. Ultimately, we seek to support the health and well-being of postpartum women and their infants in South Asia and beyond through the development of efficient, acceptable, and effective intervention strategies.

Mn(II) and Co(II) complexes of methyl‐(Z)−N′‐carbamothioylcarbamohydrazonate Schiff base ligand were synthesized. The ligand and metal salts were taken in 2 : 1 stoichiometric ratio. All the synthesized complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moment and various spectroscopic techniques (FT‐IR, UV/VIS, EPR) techniques. Elemental and spectroscopic results verified bidentate donor nature of the ligand and octahedral geometry of all the complexes. The non‐electrolytic nature of Mn(II) and Co(II) complexes were suggested by conductivity data analysis. In vitro antibacterial (E. coli and S. aureus) and antifungal (C. albicans and C. tropicalis) screening were achieved by employing agar well diffusion method which revealed better antimicrobial activity of Co(II) complexes than Mn(II) complexes. In silico SwissADME study predicted the drug‐likeness probability of ligand and complexes. The interaction of two bacterial proteins (E. coli and S. aureus) with compounds was also analyzed using molecular docking study, which corroborate the in vitro analysis.

Background As mobile phone uptake in India continues to grow, there is also continued interest in mobile platform–based interventions for health education. There is a significant gender gap in mobile phone access—women’s access to mobile phones is constrained by economic and social barriers. Pregnancy and postpartum care is one of many targets for mobile health (mHealth) interventions that particularly rely upon women’s access to and facility with mobile phone use. Objective We aimed to describe the dynamics and patterns of married pregnant and postpartum women’s mobile phone access and use (among both phone owners and nonowners) who participated in an mHealth postpartum care intervention and to identify potential barriers to their participation in mobile platform–based interventions. Methods A secondary analysis was performed on mixed methods data obtained for a pilot mHealth intervention for postpartum care of mothers in rural Punjab from July 2020 to February 2021. Two formative sources included exploratory in-depth interviews among postpartum women (n=20; 1-3 months postpartum) and quantitative maternal health survey among women who were pregnant or who had recently given birth (n=102). We also utilized mixed methods intervention assessment data from early postpartum women who participated in the pilot intervention (n=29), including intervention moderator perspectives. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed, and pertinent findings were grouped thematically. Results The majority of women owned a phone (maternal health survey: 75/102, 74%; demographic survey: 17/29, 59%), though approximately half (53/102, 52%) still reported sharing phones with other family members. Sharing a phone with female family members typically allowed for better access than sharing with male family members. Some households had strict preferences against daughters-in-law having phones, or otherwise significantly restricted women’s phone access. Others reported concerns about phone use–related health hazards for mother and infant during the pregnancy or postpartum period. Conclusions These findings suggest nuance regarding what is meant by women’s phone ownership and access—there were numerous additional constraints on women’s use of phones, particularly during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Future research and mHealth interventions should probe these domains to better understand the dynamics governing women’s access, use, and fluency with mobile phones to optimally design mHealth interventions.

Background: Abruptio placentae defined as the preterm partial or complete separation of normally situated placenta from the uterine wall, complicating 1 in every 200 pregnancies (0.5-1%) in western nations, with rates as high as 4% in developing nations.Methods: This was a descriptive observational hospital-based study design with a follow-up component conducted over a period of 16 months, from January 2015 to April 2016 in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at RZH, PDU Medical College and hospital, Rajkot comprising of 83 cases.Results: A total of 83 cases of abruption placentae were present out of 9102 deliveries at RZH, PDU Medical College, Rajkot between January 2015 to April 2016. The incidence of abruption placentae in our study is 0.9%. Overall global incidence of abruptio placentae ranges between 0.5 to 2 % with more in developing countries as compared to the developed nations. (1a,6a,17a). Fetal adverse outcomes of abruptio placentae observed during study period were perinatal mortality 75.9%, prematurity 71%, low birth weight 69.8% and asphyxia 3.6%. Out of 83 cases, 59 deaths occurred in utero while 4 died in the first week of life.Conclusions: Abruptio placentae is one of the gravest hemorrhagic complications of pregnancy. Incidence in alarmingly high in resource poor set ups of developing countries like ours.The predictors of maternal adverse outcomes were found to be malnutrition, anemia, , PPH, DIC and maternal shock. Predictors for perinatal death were low birth weight, birth asphyxia, low APGAR score, retroplacental clot volume more than 500 ML.

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Lethal dose (LD 50) has been calculated. Different-testing methods have been used. The observed values have been plotted by Dose-Response against measured response and dose. Different LD value shows that all substances are poison. It depend on the amount of dose whether a substance is poison or remedy. In Our research paper we will discuss the different doses, their routes of administration, Lethal, Chronic and Acute toxicity on rats and mice. For the calculation of LD50, Hodge, Sterner, Gosselin, Smith and Hodge scale was used. In this study, different doses (about 10 to 10,000 mg/kg) of the extract were administered by different route to the different groups of rats and mice. Experiments were carried out to observe the toxicity and possible death of animal like rat and mice continuously for 24 hour to calculate LD50 for different drugs.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Analysis of the clinical profile of COVID-19 positive pregnant women is important to understand the pathophysiology, transmission and outcome of the disease in Indian population.Methods: It is a retrospective observational study of first fifty pregnant patients tested positive for COVID-19 by qRT PCR admitted for delivery in our hospital.Results: In this audit, first fifty COVID-19 pregnant women were studied and the mean age of the patients in this study was 26 years. 98% of these women were admitted for obstetric indications. Seventy two percent of these women were admitted with spontaneous onset of labour. Based on disease severity, 49 (98%) were either asymptomatic or exhibited mild disease and only 1 (2%) had severe disease who succumbed to her illness. Forty six percent patients delivered vaginally and 54% required cesarean delivery. The most common indication for LSCS was fetal distress (43%). Eighteen percent had preterm delivery. Among the newborn babies, one died due to severe birth asphyxia. Sixteen percent babies required NICU stay. Five babies tested positive for COVID-19 of which one baby was positive on day one of life.Conclusions: As per our results, majority of the COVID-19 positive pregnant women had mild disease. There has been increase in cesarean section rate as compared to the previous hospital figures. Only one baby tested positive within 24 hours of delivery so the possibility vertical transmission can not be commented upon as of today.