Traditional Islamic boarding school or pesantren is one of the oldest educational institutions in Indonesia, this is the center of the development of religious science, with books that use Arabic or called as the yellow book as the material being taught, to understand these books the students are taught first nahwu and sharaf or grammar as the science of tools to read, understand and interpret the contents of these books. Seeing the important role of nahwu and sharaf in understanding religious sources, especially the Qur'an and hadits, the purpose of writing this article is: 1) the role of pesantren as a center for the development of religious knowledge, 2) the books of nahwu and sharaf taught in pesantren , 3) nahwu and sharaf learning methods. This study uses the literature method, by examining several sources related to pesantren and learning nahwu and shraf by using the yellow books. This article concludes that the pesantren in the early days of the emergence of indeed the center of the development of religious science which originated in Arabic or yellow books, in pesantren the learning of nahwu and sharaf is the basis of the first knowledge taught because with this knowledge is the initial capital for the santri in understanding the other books, the books of nahwu and sharaf are taught, for the
ABSTRAKPenyakit degenerative disebabkan karena antioksidan yang ada didalam tubuh tidak mampu menetralisir peningkatan konsentrasi radikal bebas, sehingga perlu adanya antioksidan dari luar untuk menghancurkan radikal bebas yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan sel. Kulit buah jeruk Bali merupakan salah satu tanaman yang diketahui memiliki kandungan senyawa flavonoid yang bersifat antioksidan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa kimia dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol kulit buah jeruk Bali. Identifikasi kandungan senyawa kimia dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif, sedangkan uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penangkapan radikal 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) dengan asam askorbat sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan esktrak etanol kulit buah jeruk Bali mengandung Flavanoid, Saponin, Alkaloid, Triterpenoid/Steroid, dan Tanin, sedangkan hasil uji kuantitatif fenolik total dan flavonoid total masing-masing diperoleh hasil 4,96% dan 0,34%. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kulit buah jeruk Bali dan asam askorbat masing-masing menunjukkan nilai IC50 574,02 bpj dan 4,63 bpj. Hasil ini memperlihatkan bahwa ekstrak kulit buah jeruk Bali memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lemah jika dibandingkan asam askorbat. Masuk
Nypa fruticans Wurmb merupakan tumbuhan yang banyak terdapat di Indonesia dan buahnya diketahui mengandung karbohidrat dan dapat dikembangkan sebagai sumber pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar serat dalam buah nipah dan kemampuannya dalam mengikat kolesterol secara in vitro. Buah nipah yang diperoleh dari Kabupaten Barru diambil daging buahnya kemudian diolah menjadi tepung dan dianalisis. Analisis kandungan serat dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Van Soest dan uji pengikatan kolesterol dilakukan dengan metode Liebermann-Burchard terhadap larutan kolesterol sebelum dan sesudah ditambahkan buah nipah sebanyak 10 mg, 30 mg, 50 mg. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kadar serat 46,18%. Uji pengikatan kolesterol menunjukkan bahwa buah nipah dengan bobot 10, 30, dan 50 mg secara berturut-turut mampu mengikat kolesterol sebanyak 8,17%, 36,12%, dan 52,03%. Disimpulkan buah nipah dapat mengikat kolesterol.
Simvastatin is a drug acting on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase enzyme leading to decrease of lipid level in plasma. Simvastatin is associated with pleiotropic effects such as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective effect. This study aimed to observe effect of supplementation of trigona honey on parameters of liver function (SGPT and SGOT) and kidney function (urea) in albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) given 40 mg/kg simvastatin. Twenty-four male albino rats were divided into 6 groups (n=4). Each group was administered different treatments for 15 days orally. Group I was put as health control without any treatment, group II was given sodium carboxymethylcellulose (1% b/v) as negative control, group III was given simvastatin at the dose of 40 mg/kg, group IV was administered simvastatin (40 mg/kg) and trigona honey (6.5% v/v), while group V and VI were administered simvastatin (40 mg/kg) and ubiquinone (1.43 mg/kg); and simvastatin (40 mg/kg), trigona honey (6.5% v/v), and ubiquinone (1.43 mg/kg), respectively. Upon the treatments, level of SGOT, SGPT, and ureum was determined. The data were analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference tests (p=0.05). According to the analysis, it was concluded that supplementation of trigona honey in rats administered simvastatin showed significantly lower level of all parameters than groups of simvastatin and controls.
The purpose of this study was to determine the improvement of student learning outcomes at SDN 02 Krompeng Talun through the application of Discovery Learning. The type of research that will be conducted is classroom action research. The subjects of this study were the fourth grade students of SDN 02 Krompeng, Talun, Pekalongan Regency , totaling 25 students . The results of the study showed an increase in learning outcomes and student activeness in learning. In sikus I value - average grade of 69.5 p er sentase classical learning completeness 68% and p er sentase overall activity of 71.4%. In the second cycle the average value of the class is 83.4 with a per sentase completeness of classical study 88 % and persentase overall activity of 77.3%. Thus it can be concluded that discovery learning with worksheets can improve student learning outcomes . Therefore, it is suggested that as teachers should be able to apply discovery learning as an alternative to improve learning outcomes in the form of cognitive abilities and increase student activity.
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