BACKGROUND The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of dental caries among urban and suburban population in Pakistan to assess the association of dental caries with oral hygiene status, socioeconomic status, and dental service availability. METHODS A total of 200 patients was enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Decayed, filled, and missing teeth (DMFT), oral hygiene status, socioeconomic status (SES), and presence / absence of dental care facility were recorded. A specially designed proforma was used to record the data regarding oral hygiene practices, dental treatment availability and socioeconomic background, for the study. The data obtained was statistically analysed using SPSS version 15 software. Chi-square test was applied for association between categorical variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done to test the difference in DMFT scores of various age groups. Student t test was applied to test the difference in DMFT scores in both sexes. RESULTS Comparison of mean D, M and F status revealed a high tendency towards decayed teeth. Mean DMFT score was found to be 4.41. Maximum DMFT was recorded among 50 years and above age group, followed closely (2.39) by 40 - 49 years. Increased caries prevalence was seen in people with poor oral hygiene and belonging to low socioeconomic status. Caries rate was also high in areas with lack of dental care facilities. CONCLUSIONS Oral hygiene practices, dietary habits, and access to dental care services played an important role in prevalence of dental caries. Socio-economic status has been found to play an important role in access to dental care facilities. From the current report, importance for public health was noted; the socioeconomic status, educational status of parents, and family structure, affect oral health in under-privileged communities. The prevalence of dental caries also plays an important role in oral hygiene procedures, eating patterns, and access to dental care services. KEY WORDS Dental Caries, SES, Oral Hygiene, Dental Care Facility, DMFT.
Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the level of perceived stress is associated with self-reported halitosis among undergraduate dental students in Pakistan Method: The crossectional study based on survey design was directed to evaluate the association of level of perceived stress and halitosis among undergraduate dental students. Sample size of the study was 278 undergraduate dental students from private dental colleges of Lahore. Independent sample t test was used. Results: The results of independent sample t test revealed a significant difference of level of perceived stress between the undergraduate dental students with halitosis and without halitosis (t=-21.784, P=.000). Undergraduate dental students who don’t have reported halitosis have lower level of perceived stress (Mean±SD, 11.76±3.01) as compared to those students who reported halitosis (Mean±SD, 22.13±4.32) Conclusion: Higher prevalence of halitosis was found among dental students with moderate perceived stress Keywords: Halitosis, Dental students, Perceived stress
Objective: The current study investigated the virtual reality distraction technique as an indicator of pain and anxiety reduction in children with an age between 6 to 9 years during short invasive dental procedure using salivary cortisol level as an indicator for measuring level of anxiety Method: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in a dental hospital of Lahore in the department of Pediatric dentistry. Data was collected from 30 patients which were divided in two groups. One group was containing patients who had screen time of less than 4hours whereas the other group contained patients who had screen time of more than 4hours in a day. Data was entered in SPSS version 25.0. Frequencies and percentages were calculated as descriptive analysis whereas comparison among both groups was made using Chi-Square test. Results: The results of chi-square test revealed that there is a significant difference in the pain perception of patients using virtual reality distraction technique during dental treatment (X2=4.701, P=.030). The results of paired sample t test revealed a significant difference between patients who has less than 4 hours screen time and patients who has more than 4 hours screen time in terms of salivary cortisol level (P=.001). Conclusion: The application of virtual reality distraction technique for the dental treatment of children is more effective among those who have more screen time as compared to the children who have less screen time Keywords: Virtual reality distraction, Pain, Anxiety, Dental treatment
Objective: This study has planned to explore the dental erosion prevalence among adolescents and relationship of diet with dental erosion among them. Method: This survey based study was conducted in Lahore. Data was collected from government secondary schools of Lahore. After the approval of research study from institutional ethical review committee, data was collected from 150 students with an age ranged from 13 to 16 years from 5 schools after the permission of principals and parents of the students. Frequencies and percentages were calculated to report the prevalence of dental erosion among adolescents. Chi-square test was used to explore the relationship between diet and dental erosion. Results: Findings of chi-square revealed a significant difference between the most frequently preferred food and dental erosion among adolescents (X2=9.67, P=.000). Due to carbonated drinks, 26.67% students were having dental erosion. Dental erosion was found in 20% students who prefer artificial juices, 14.67% students preferred energy drinks, 4% students prefer tea, 2% students prefer coffee, 24.67% students prefer ketchup and 6.67% prefer processed foods. Conclusion: Dental erosion is 21.42% among school going adolescents with age between ranging from 13 years to 16 years with low socioeconomic status in Pakistan. Keywords: Dental Erosion, Carbonated drinks, Adolescents, Socioeconomic status
Objectives: This research was done to evaluate how the root canal taper affects the Endodontically Treated Teeth (ETT) prepared with the TruNatomy and Protaper Next file systems in terms of fracture resistance. Materials and Method: Forty recently extracted mandibular premolar teeth were used in this research, which was classified into four groups at random. Groups 1a and 1b used TruNatomy 4% and 6%, respectively, while groups 2a and 2b used the Protaper Next 4% and 6% file systems, respectively. The root canals were cleaned, shaped, and sealed using cold lateral compaction. The root canals were then fixed in standardized autopolymerizing acrylic resin blocks and tested for vertical root fracture using a universal testing machine. Newtons were used to measure the forces needed to cause fractures. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: In comparison with other groups, group 1a (TruNatomy 4%) displayed greater fracture resistance (423.322.43 Newtons), and group 2b (Protaper Next 6%) displayed the least fracture resistance (264.512.76 Newtons). Conclusion: Protaper Next file system had lower fracture resistance than TruNatomy file system. With the use of greater taper instruments, a notable decrease in the fracture resistance of ETT was observed.
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