CogHealth and Headminder were suitable for NESB patients. The HSCS is not recommended for longitudinal studies with short intervals between testing due to practice effect. There is poor correlation between the patients' perception of their cognitive impairment and the objective tests.

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NmrA is a negative transcription-regulating protein that binds to the C-terminal region of the GATA transcription-activating protein AreA. The proposed molecular mechanism of action for NmrA is to inhibit AreA binding to its target promoters. In contrast to this proposal, we report that a C-terminal fragment of AreA can bind individually to GATA-containing DNA and NmrA and that in the presence of a mixture of GATA-containing DNA and NmrA, the AreA fragment binds preferentially to the GATA-containing DNA in vitro. These observations are consistent with NmrA acting by an indirect route, such as by controlling entry into the nucleus. Deletion of the final nine amino acids of a C-terminal fragment of AreA does not affect NmrA binding. Wild-type NmrA binds NAD + (P + ) with much greater affinity than NAD(P)H, despite the lack of the consensus GXXGXXG dinucleotide-binding motif. However, introducing the GXXGXXG sequence into the NmrA double mutant N12G/A18G causes an ∼13-fold increase in the K D for NAD + and a 2.3-fold increase for NADP+ . An H37W mutant in NmrA designed to increase the interaction with the adenine ring of NAD + has a decrease in K D of ∼4.5-fold for NAD + and a marginal 24% increase for NADP + . The crystal structure of the N12G/A18G mutant protein shows changes in main chain position as well as repositioning of H37, which disrupts contacts with the adenine ring of NAD + , changes which are predicted to reduce the binding affinity for this dinucleotide. The substitutions E193Q/D195N or Q202E/F204Y in the C-terminal domain of NmrA reduced the affinity for a C-terminal fragment of AreA, implying that this region of the protein interacts with AreA.Keywords: NmrA; site-directed mutagenesis; biocalorimetry; nitrogen metabolite repression Neurospora crassa, Aspergillus nidulans, and other ascomycetous fungi are able to utilize a wide array of nitrogen sources, and many of the pathways involved are regulated at the level of transcription by pathway-specific control proteins. When the preferred nitrogen sources ammonium or glutamine are present in the growth medium with an alternative nitrogen source, the pathway for the nonpreferred source remains inactive. This situation is known as nitrogen metabolite repression, and the alternate nitrogen utilization pathway is said to be repressed (Wilson and Arst 1998). These observations show that there is a signal transduction pathway that responds to the presence of ammonium/glutamine and targets the control of transcription of the genes involved in nitrogen metabolism.