Effective rabbit analgesia is challenging, and there are few studies available on the newer COX‐2 selective NSAIDs, such as robenacoxib. This study aimed to establish the pharmacokinetics of oral and subcutaneous robenacoxib, describe its inhibitory actions on COX enzymes, and develop dosing, using six healthy New Zealand white rabbits. Pharmacokinetics were determined from plasma concentrations after oral administration of robenacoxib (0.83–0.96 mg/kg) and also after subcutaneous administration (2 mg/kg). The inhibitory actions of robenacoxib were evaluated by measuring plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 (TBX2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as surrogate markers of cyclooxygenase enzyme isoform inhibition. The mean maximum concentration for oral and subcutaneous administration was 0.23 μg/ml and 5.82 μg/ml, respectively. Oral robenacoxib administration did not demonstrate a significant difference between any time point for PGE2 or TBX2, though subcutaneous administration did for both. There was no significant difference in PGE2 or TBX2 concentrations at any time point when comparing subcutaneous versus oral routes. Although the results support that plasma robenacoxib exceeds the therapeutic levels compared to dogs and cats, there was little significance in the difference in the changes associated with COX‐1 and COX‐2 inhibition. Further studies are warranted to determine appropriate dosing, safety, and efficacy in rabbits.
A 14-year-old male intact Malayan tiger ( Panthera tigris jacksoni) was presented for a routine annual wellness exam and comprehensive oral health assessment and treatment, during which an odontogenic cyst was incidentally diagnosed from radiographs. Prior to a second immobilization for computed tomography (CT) and surgical removal of the cyst, the tiger developed anorexia, lethargy, and reluctance to train, which were clinical signs suspected to be reflective of pain secondary to the odontogenic cyst. A CT scan of the skull revealed 2 odontogenic cyst lesions associated with teeth 204-207 and 208-209, and associated tooth root resorption, focal lysis of the maxilla, communication with the left nasal passage, thinning of the ventral margin of the left orbit and maxillary foramen, and left mandibular lymphadenopathy. Complete enucleation of each cyst wall and surgical extraction of associated teeth were performed. Histopathologic findings were consistent with an odontogenic cyst containing keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, keratin debris within the cyst lumen, and a lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate. Postoperatively, the tiger recovered uneventfully, clinical signs resolved within 2 weeks and have not recurred at the time of publication of this article. Similar keratinized odontogenic cysts are described in dogs, and there is only one other case report in a felid. This is the first known report of an odontogenic cyst in a tiger and of a keratinized odontogenic cyst in a nondomestic species.
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of a high-concentration buprenorphine formulation after a single SC dose in American flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber). ANIMALS 6 healthy adult American flamingos (3 males and 3 females). METHODS A single dose of high-concentration buprenorphine (1.8 mg/kg) was administered SC to all birds. Blood samples were collected at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after drug administration between October 14 and October 18, 2022. Plasma buprenorphine concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and a noncompartmental analysis was used to determine pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS Mean ± SD peak plasma drug concentration (Cmax) was 195.1 ± 187.4 ng/mL, the mean time to peak plasma concentration (Tmax) was 0.32 ± 0.31 hours, the mean area under the concentration-vs-time curve from time 0 to the last measured concentration (AUC0–last) was 881.4 ± 205.4 ng/mL, and mean terminal half-life (t1/2) was 12.6 ± 3.86 hours. Mean plasma buprenorphine concentrations were >1 ng/mL for at least 48 hours after drug administration. No clinically significant adverse effects were observed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE High-concentration buprenorphine dosed at 1.8 mg/kg SC in American flamingos rapidly exceeded plasma drug concentrations reported to have analgesic effects in other avian species and maintained these levels for extended periods. Sedative effects were similar to those reported for other species. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of high-concentration buprenorphine at this dose in American flamingos.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.