Des femmes déchues aux Madonnas : la transformation des stéréotypes genrés dans les critiques de musiciennes « populaires » Cet article s’intéresse aux stéréotypes genrés en jeu dans les discours critiques portés sur les musiciennes « populaires ». Deux questions complémentaires sont ici posées. D’une part, quels sont les stéréotypes genrés présents dans les critiques musicales « populaires » ? D’autre part, comment ces stéréotypes changent-ils une fois que ces femmes sont devenues des artistes reconnues ? Nous appuyant sur les critiques de musiciennes publiées par Rolling Stone , il est apparu que les stéréotypes de genre explicites relatifs à la féminité et à la sexualité deviennent plus subtils une fois que les artistes sont devenues célèbres. En revanche, les thèmes de l’authenticité émotionnelle et de la dépendance envers d’autres hommes du domaine deviennent alors plus nombreux. On en conclut que les femmes continuent à être confrontées à des obstacles spécifiques pour obtenir une entière reconnaissance dans le monde de la musique « populaire ».
In this article, we investigate factors affecting hate crime policies by examining anti-LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) hate crime reports as a type of policy implementation. Analyzing state-level data drawn primarily from the US Census between 1995 and 2008, we examine how structural and social movement mobilization factors explain hate crime reporting. We find that anti-LGBT hate crimes are more likely to be reported in more urbanized states and in states with both split political elites and a greater number of LGBT social movement organizations. We discuss the implications of our findings for separating the drivers of policy passage from policy implementation and for complementary criminological and social movement explanations for hate crime reporting.
Scholars of the women's movement often postulate that it dissipated after winning suffrage in 1920, but empirical studies about the movement's post-victory transformation remain scarce. We use the first wave of the women's movement to explore the conditions under which movement frames change during periods of decline. Drawing on political opportunity theory, we hypothesize that waning political and cultural opportunities for collective action should lead to a rise in individualist frames. To that end, we examine how a prominent movement organization's use of collectivist versus individualist frames changed over time. We conducted a systematic analysis of 1,735 articles from the feminist publication The Woman's Journal, spanning the pre- and post-suffrage period (1910-1930). Our analyses generally support the political opportunity framework, suggesting that trends towards individualization emerge during periods of diminishing political and cultural opportunities, which in turn challenge movements' ability to galvanize constituents for collective goals.
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