Pediculosis is a global problem in public health. An important factor in the efficient eradication of lice is ensuring adequate recognition and treatment of the disease by the population. In the present study, awareness of the population about the physiological properties of head lice, the ways of infestation with head lice, and the methods of treatment and prevention were studied. Perception of the disease by the people who had had head pediculosis and other people around them was identified.
Background In Russia, remote retail trade of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines was legalised. According to statistics as of April 2020, consumer demand in the categories of “online pharmacies” increased by 803%. Methods The study was conducted in two stages by cross-sectional method using a structured questionnaire in the central region of Russia: 1st stage - July-August 2020; 2nd stage - February-March 2021. The results of the study were obtained using qualitative (method of discussions in focus groups) and quantitative methods (survey) of sociological research, logical and statistical analysis. The representativeness of the data was ensured by a sufficient sample size including 1194 consumers (with confidence probability = 0.95 and confidence interval ≤ 0.05). Results The number of respondents fully supporting the legalisation of online trade in medicines increased. Consumer attitudes towards online commerce depend on the age group of the respondents. 1.5 times more respondents over 46 years (12.1%) are strongly against distance selling of medicines compared to survey participants aged 18 to 25 years (7.8%). Six months after the first survey, no respondent strongly opposed the sale of prescription medicines through the internet, whereas in the first survey half of consumers held this view. The percentage of respondents who considered pharmaceutical counselling when purchasing medicines online as extremely important decreased by a factor of 4 over time (10.9%) M (08.2020) = 3.66 (0.992); M (03. 2021) = 3.17 (0.981) t = 7.66 (p < 0.05). Consumers consider accessibility for people with disabilities (80.3%) to be the most significant advantage of distance selling medicines. Conclusion Consumer demand for the purchase of medicines online will grow as this type of sale has undeniable advantages. However, some risks remain when buying medicines online.
One of the most important factors in successful e- learning is the motivation of the student. This article examines the very essence of student motivation in the context of e-learning and identifies the factors that influence it. The investigation involved 123 five-year students of the Elabuga Institute of Kazan Federal University and the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University aged from 21 to 23 (M = 22.6 SD = 0.03). Determination of specific factors affecting students’ motivation was performed by means of a specially designed questionnaire. Motivation analysis was done by using the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) adapted for Russian students. The link between the reviewed factors of influence and academic motivation was established by using correlation analysis. In general, the results of the experiment indicate the absence of statistically significant variations in motivation levels across experimental (studying online) and control (studying traditionally) group participants (t = 0.721, p > 0.05). The significance of this research stems from the fact that it provides an idea of how to increase student engagement in e-learning and limit the effect of determinants reducing student motivation. That aside, they may be taken advantage of when planning and carrying out future research on the influence of e-learning on student motivation.
The prerequisites for this research included the rapid development and constant modernization of massive open online courses (MOOCs) and their dissemination in higher education, in particular, in the preparation of medical practitioners of various specialties. The present investigation was conducted among two groups of students of I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (experimental and control, 48 and 46 people respectively). For the control group, a standard MOOC with a training design characteristic of the vast majority of similar courses was proposed. The experimental group took the MOOC with additional learning strategies. Results showed the introduction of collaborative learning and decision-making assignments in e-education could overcome the challenges of MOOCs or at least significantly reduce their negative impact on the learning process. The share of experimental group participants who completed the training course and passed all the tests was 78.26%, while in the control group, their part was only 39.58%. The study findings can be widely applied when designing new MOOC curricula or improving the existing courses.
The purpose of the study is to identify and compare the influence of formative and summative assessment approaches based on an intelligent computer system that provides automatic feedback; the assessment is carried out in paper format, but obtaining feedback requires an appointment with a teacher. The study was conducted among 50 students in I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Russia) and Wuxi Institute of Technology (China). The assessment was carried out based on online tools and an intelligent learning system (ASP.NET web applications and MCQ tests). It was found that the average score of the formative test of students who passed an assessment test in the electronic format is higher than the score of those who passed the test in the classroom [t (165 = 5.334, p <0.05]. Pearson's correlation coefficient in the experimental (r2 = +0.329; p = 0.009) and control (r2 = +0.176; p = 0.076) groups confirmed a sig-nificant positive correlation. The solution can be integrated into the educational process as an additional student tool that will reduce the burden of teacher work-load and increase the assessment objectivity along with the overall performance of students.
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