Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary central nervous systemmalignancy with a low survival without extra logistics. Currently, there is no definitivechemotherapy among the studied options. This study aims to evaluate the neuroprotectiveeffects of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on surgical brain injuries in patients treated for GBM.Materials and Methods: This randomized, phase II, placebo, triple-blinded, controlled trialwas performed on 36 patients with a diagnosis of GBM. All the patients received DMF (240mg, three-times per day) or placebo (with the same shape and administration route) one weekbefore surgery. Also, patients in both groups after the operation received standard treatments(radiotherapy plus chemotherapy). In addition, Kanofsky's performance status (KPS) score wasevaluated at baseline and one month later. Also, serum S100β was measured 48 hours beforeand after surgery. Results: There was no significant difference among DMF and control groupswith regard to age, gender, and the extent of resections (P˃0.05). The most adverse event inboth groups was a headache. Although the serum S100β level was not markedly changed aftersurgery, the mean KPS in the DMF group was higher than in the control group after surgery.Conclusion: The DMF could be a possible good regime for the treatment of GBM; however,questions are raised regarding its efficacy and application for the addition to standard treatment.[GMJ.2022;11:e1897]
Background
Lack of knowledge around underlying mechanisms of gliomas mandates intense research efforts to improve the disease outcomes. Identification of high-grade gliomas pathogenesis which is known for poor prognosis and low survival is of particular importance. Distinguishing the differentially expressed genes is one of the core approaches to clarify the causative factors.
Methods
Microarray datasets of the treatment-naïve gliomas were provided from the Gene Expression Omnibus considering the similar platform and batch effect removal. Interacting recovery of the top differentially expressed genes was performed on the STRING and Cytoscape platforms. Kaplan–Meier analysis was piloted using RNA sequencing data and the survival rate of glioma patients was checked considering selected genes. To validate the bioinformatics results, the gene expression was elucidated by real-time RT-qPCR in a series of low and high-grade fresh tumor samples.
Results
We identified 323 up-regulated and 253 down-regulated genes. The top 20 network analysis indicated that PTX3, TIMP1, CHI3L1, LTF and IGFBP3 comprise a crucial role in gliomas progression. The survival was inversely linked to the levels of all selected genes. Further analysis of RNA sequencing data indicated a significant increase in all five genes in high-grade tumors. Among them, PTX3, TIMP1 and LTF did not show any change in low-grade versus controls. Real-time RT-qPCR confirmed the in-silico results and revealed significantly higher expression of selected genes in high-grade samples compared to low-grade.
Conclusions
Our results highlighted the role of PTX3 and TIMP1 which were previously considered in glioma tumorigenesis as well as LTF as a new potential biomarker.
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