Mixed cation perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown high stability over 1000 h under outdoor conditions. In this paper, we simulated fluorine-doped tin oxide/TiO2/(FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15/ Spiro-OMeTAD solar cell as the base structure by SCAPS-1D software. We then studied the effects of E
V position of hole transport layer (HTL) and E
C position of electron transport layer (ETL) and carrier density of HTL and ETL, on the performance of the solar cells. Simulation results showed that the carrier density of HTL and ETL has outstanding effect on the performance of the mixed cation PSC through band alignment between the layers. Moreover, we studied the influence of defect density of ETL/perovskite and perovskite/HTL interface layers. According to simulation results, we predict that using Spiro-OMeTAD as HTL and Nb-doped TiO2 as ETL, that have shown capability of fabrication with PSCs, improves the power conversion efficiency to 19.75%.
In this study , design and simulation of an acoustic micro probe which is employed to form controlled ionic beam inside axoplasm of an axon have been explored . the probe is made of piezoelectric material . this beem is designed so that it can stimulate a nerve to generate action potential . the simulation has been performed by using the Comsol Multiphysics 3.5a software . In this simulation we have designed a piezoelectric blade that part of it is placed in an ionic environment . By applying an external voltage to the other side of the blade and due to the properties of piezoelectric materials, the blade will vibrate. This vibration causes the displacement of the ions in the ionic environment and leading to the produce current . By applying the current that obtained to FitzHugh-Nagumo model of nerve, which is models the excitable site of axon , Action potential inside of the axon will be produced and propagated . the simulation results show the feasibility of method and its corresponded conditions .Nowadays the piezoelectric effect is useful in many applications that involve electronic frequency generation ,the production and detection of sound, generation of high voltages, microbalances, lighters, loudspeakers, signal transducers and etc.
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