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Flood hazard (FH) can be considered as one of the most serious threats mainly in areas and countries where other natural hazards hardly occur. This paper presents a simple approach to urban FH assessment in regions where the primary data are scarce. The objective of this study is to develop a geographic information system-aided urban FH zoning of the study area (in Iran), by applying multicriteria decision analysis and fuzzy analysis. In this process, the research methodology focused on the analysis of the variables controlling water routing. The model incorporated four parameters: distance to the drainage channels, topography (topographic wetness index), infiltration and cover type. The results demonstrated that most floods occur near the discharge channels and in the lower parts of the study area.

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Different methods aimed to quantify the effects of human activities on the natural environment have been developed. One of them is ecological footprint that is the total area of land, to produce all the resources a population consumes and to absorb all of the wastes it generates. An important impact of human activities on the environment is climate change that relates to the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The most important gas is CO 2 which is released to atmosphere as a result of burning fossil fuels in daily life of human activities. A main part of increasing CO 2 in urban atmosphere is road transportation; so estimation of ecological footprint of it can describe the situation of consuming fossil fuels in a city. To do so, the amount of different fuels consumed in a period of time, the area under transportation constructions and also the energy consumed in the process of network construction and annual road maintenance should be regarded. In this study the ecological footprint of transportation activities in the city of Isphahan in central Iran was estimated at 0.4 global hectares. It means that for each Isphahan resident, 0.4 global hectares area is needed to sequester the CO 2 released to atmosphere from different transportation activities.