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Background. Neuroprotective effects of stem cells have been shown in some neurologic diseases. In this study, the effect of oral mucosal mesenchymal stem cells (OMSCs) on traumatic brain injury (TBI) was evaluated in long term. Materials and Methods. TBI was induced by Marmarou’s method. The number of 2 × 106 OMSCs was intravenously injected 1 and 24 h after the injury. Brain edema and pathological outcome were assessed at 24 h and 21 days after the injury. Besides, long-term neurological, motor, and cognitive outcomes were evaluated at days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after the injury. Results. OMSCs administration could significantly inhibit microglia proliferation, and reduce brain edema and neuronal damage, at 24 h and 21 days after the injury. Neurological function improvement was observed in the times evaluated in OMSCs group. Cognitive and motor function dysfunction and anxiety-like behavior were prevented especially at 14 and 21 days after the injury in the treatment group. Conclusion. According to the results of this study, OMSCs administration after TBI reduced brain edema and neuronal damage, improved neurologic outcome, and prevented memory and motor impairments and anxiety-like behavior in long term.

Dexamethasone, a common medication used in the treatment regimen of glioblastoma, has broad inhibitory effects on the immune responses. Here, in an in vitro study, we examined the effects of piroxicam, a potent substitute for dexamethasone, on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) co-cultured with two glioblastoma cell lines, U-87 MG and A-172 cells. MTT assay was used to determine the proliferation of PBMCs treated with piroxicam, or dexamethasone. In addition, to evaluate the effects of drugs on the cell cycle distribution, DNA content per cell was analyzed in PBMCs and A-172 cell lines using flow cytometry. Oxidative parameters, including superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD3) activity and total anti-antioxidant capacity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, as well as IFN-γ and TGF-β levels were measured in PBMCs alone or in the presence of cell lines using ELISA. Unlike dexamethasone, piroxicam showed a protective effect on PBMCs against both glioblastoma cell lines. Furthermore, while dexamethasone reduced the proliferation of PBMCs, piroxicam had no adverse effect on the proliferation. Cell cycle analysis showed a reduction in the G2/M phase in piroxicam-treated A-172 cells. Additionally, dexamethasone limited the cell cycle progression by increasing the fraction of PBMCs in G0/G1. Interestingly, after co-culturing piroxicam-treated PBMCs with cell lines, a remarkable rise in the LDH activity was observed. Although not significant, piroxicam partially decreased TGF-β levels in both cell lines. Our findings suggested a protective effect of piroxicam, but not dexamethasone, on PBMCs against inhibitory mechanisms of two glioblastoma cell lines, U-87 and A-172 cells.

Purpose: Dry eye in Sjogren's ends up with ulcerations, infections, and even corneal perforations. Present treatments are mainly conservative. Due to the immunosuppressive effects of Tacrolimus drop and regenerative properties of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), this study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous use of these products in dry eye management.Methods: 20 cases of Sjogren's syndrome were included in this study. Patients were divided into three groups, the 'artificial tear drop,' Tacrolimus drops,' and 'Tacrolimus, and PRP drops'. The Schirmer's and TUBT tests and corneal fluorescein staining were assessed in each case following the determination of refractive errors and intraocular pressure, one week, one month, and three months after the initiation of therapy.Results: The majority of our cases were females, making up approximately 80%. Significant differences were found when assessing the level of irritation, and the results of the TUBT as well as fluorescein staining tests between the group treated with artificial teardrops and both of the other groups three months after treatment started. (P- values of 0.0005, 0.002 and 0.01, respectively) Schirmer's test, however, did not reveal significant levels (P-value = 0.5) when comparing the three treatment groups.Conclusion: Tacrolimus drop is a suitable and effective agent in severe cases of dry eye in Sjogren's syndrome, showing even more therapeutic benefits when given with PRP, based on the results of this study. Owing to this combination's increased anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects and its accelerating effects on the resolution of clinical symptoms, it can be considered superior to conventional therapies.

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