Background Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed worldwide and the second leading cause of death among women. Virtual reality (VR) has many opportunities and challenges for breast cancer patients' rehabilitation and symptom management. The purpose of this systematic review is to look into the benefits and drawbacks of VR interventions for breast cancer patients. Methods A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE, and the Cochrane Library, from inception until February 6, 2022. The inclusion criteria were: (1) original studies without restriction in study design; (2) a study population consisting of patients with breast cancer; (3) any type of VR-based interventions (immersive and non-immersive); and (5) studies published in English. To assess the risk of bias, the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Tool was used. Results Eighteen articles were included in this systematic review. The result showed that VR could provide many opportunities for patients with breast cancer, including reducing anxiety, time perception, pain, fatigue, chemotherapy-related symptom distress levels, and depression severity, as well as improvement in the range of motion, strength, and function. Cybersickness symptoms, the weight of headsets and helmets, the quality of the visual image, and the cost of the equipment are some of the challenges in using this technology on these patients. Conclusions The systematic review showed that VR interventions have opportunities and challenges for patients with breast cancer. VR can be effective for rehabilitation and symptom management and is used in different stages of treatment to improve the condition of patients with breast cancer. However, before using it, the researcher should consider its challenges.

Objectives: In the developing countries with high mortality rates, poisoning is considered to be one of the most common causes of admission to emergency wards. Given the importance of registering data on poisoned patients, it is very important to have a complete poisoning Minimum Data Set (MDS). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine an MDS for poisoning registry in Iran. Methods: This applied and cross-sectional study was conducted through of Delphi technique in the poisoning ward of Imam Reza Hospital (northeastern Iran) in 2019. Literature reviews were initially carried out on such databases as PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Embase. Then, Google search was done to retrieve poisoning forms and poisoning registry websites. Also, we considered International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision coding guidelines of poisoning. Then, a questionnaire containing data elements of poisoning was developed. Results: In total, 558 data elements were developed during two rounds of Delphi technique. The MDS was divided into 10 categories including patient and communication data, encounter data, diagnostic data and medical history, exposure data, clinical data, treatment data, complications, paraclinical tests, biobank, and discharge data. Conclusions: Establishing an MDS as the first and most important step towards implementing poisoning registry can be the standard basis for collecting poisoned patient data. The data registered in the poisoning registry can be

Background: Aluminum Phosphide (AlP) is a well-known rodenticide and insecticide, used as a fumigant to control pests and rodents in grain-storage facilities. Its intoxication presents a medical emergency that requires early rigorous management. This study aimed to investigate cardiac function by Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes in patients with AlP intoxication. We also explored the potential relationship between low bicarbonate and cardiac function. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated 42 patients in the age range of 17-47 years, with a history of orally-administered AlP poisoning, known as “rice tablet”, admitted to the toxicology ward of Imam Reza Hospital from March 2019 to March 2021. The study patients’ demographic data were collected by trained interviewers, using pretested questionnaires. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as blood samples, were measured 12 hours from admission. Echocardiography was performed during the first 12 hours and on the fifth-day post-admission. All statistical analysis was performed using R 3.6.1. The significance level was set at 0.05 for all statistical tests. Results: In total, 48.78% of patients presented normal bicarbonate levels, and 24.39% and 26.83% had moderate and severe acidity, respectively. Moderately and severely decreased Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) was observed among 21 (51.2%) and 10 (24.4%) patients, respectively. Furthermore, mild Right Ventricular (RV) function was observed among 11 (26.8%) patients. A statistically significant association was observed between bicarbonate level and RV function (P<0.001) and LVEF (P<0.001). Besides, 19.5% of the explored patients expired. The proportion of expired patients was significantly higher in patients with mild RV function, compared to the other patients (P<0.001). Conclusion: Acute AlP intoxication is a worldwide serious problem. Severe metabolic acidosis and ECG abnormalities are associated with poor outcomes in this respect. Thus, conducting early ECG and echocardiography could be desirable instruments to predict prognosis. There is no antidote for AlP poisoning; thus, the replacement of a safer agent for in-store grain protection is strongly suggested.

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IntroductionCancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. In addition, it accounted for approximately 10 million deaths in 2020 alone. Information and communication technologies have great potential for improving health education and communication. Social media is one of the technologies that can help patients with cancer and healthcare providers communicate and provide educational information. Social media are increasingly being used for health promotion and behaviour change. This is a protocol of systematic review to identify the effect of social media interventions on the education and communication among patients affected by cancer. This study aims to reveal the steps of conducting research that systematically reviews all studies for the specific objective. This study aims to examine the social media interventions to improve awareness and knowledge about the disease for patients with cancer and improve communication among them.Methods and analysisThis protocol is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols checklist. We will include experimental design studies that report the effect of social media interventions on education and communication among patients with cancer or malignancy and any stage of the disease. Interventions will be inclusive, using all social network platforms for patients' communication and education. We will search PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and the Cochrane Library from inception until 23 May 2022. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts and full-text articles with conflicts resolved through discussion or by a third reviewer, as needed. All titles, abstracts and full-text papers will be reviewed independently by two reviewers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Discrepancies will resolve by discussion or SRNK if needed. The two reviewers will also independently complete risk of bias assessments for each included study. The descriptive analysis, including frequency and percentage parameters, will be calculated based on the study’s variables. Furthermore, we will report the results of the quality assessment of studies in table format. In the result section, a narrative synthesis will be applied to describe and compare the paper’s results.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval will not be needed because the data to be used in this systematic review and meta-analysis will be extracted from published studies. It will be disseminated by publication in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022334691.

Background and Aims: Poisoning remains a major health issue in developing countries with high morbidity and mortality rates; also it is one of the most common causes of admission to hospitals. This study aimed to investigate the trend of the top five types of poisonings in hospitalized patients according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) in Imam Reza hospital, Mashhad, Iran.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed from March 20, 2012, until September 22, 2018. We collected data from all patients hospitalized for poisoning admitted to the poisoning center at Imam Reza hospital in northeast Iran. ICD-10 was adopted to categorize all types of poisonings (T36-T65). The results obtained were analyzed by SPSS 16.Results: Thirty-four thousand eight hundred and ten cases were included. The mean age of the patients was 29.64 ± 14.69 years, of them, 50.7% were males.Benzodiazepine poisoning (T42.4) has the highest frequency among other subcategories and it was more common among females (60.5%). Opium poisoning (T40.0) has the highest mortality rate (5.4%) among other subcategories that is more common in males (72.0%). The mortality associated with narcotics was the highest frequency (2.7%). Suicide (83.6%) was the most common cause of poisoning. Most poisonings occurred in summer (27.4%). Conclusion:These findings could help health care managers and policymakers develop prevention and educational programs to reduce these poisonings and limit people's easy access to drugs and substances.

Development and implementation of an instrument to assess privacy challenges of a web-based liver transplantation registry

This study aimed to investigate the use of digital games for educational purposes among medical and paramedical sciences students at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Northeast of Iran). This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2018 to January 2019. The research population was all students of the school of medicine and school of paramedical sciences at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (n = 496). The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on a literature review. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by its content validity, and the reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated based on the test-retest method (r = 0.82). In this examination of medical and paramedical sciences students’ attitudes and perspectives, some novel preliminary insights into the applications, advantages, disadvantages, and features of digital games in education emerge. Overall, the findings showed that the use of interactive digital games can increase students’ motivation for learning and make the learning process more attractive for students. This study was approved by the ethical committee of MUMS (approval number IR.MUMS.REC.1397.151).