While desalination of water is energy intensive, traditional use of fossil fuels makes it not only costly, but also unsustainable and environmentally unfriendly; utilization of solar energy for desalination is therefore highly encouraged. This paper presents a study on the technical performance of a solar desalination unit located in Tehran city. The process is modeled using standard energy equations and performance indices are defined. The model simulation results are compared with experimental data from laboratory tests. This study observed that there is good agreement between the experimental data and the model simulation results. It is observed that the maximum solar radiation intensity is found in June and the highest evaporation rate in this month is about $$5\times {10}^{-3}\,{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$$
5
×
10
-
3
m
3
. It is found that the treatment efficacy of the plant decreases with increasing depth of wastewater. Performance of the desalination unit is found to be satisfactory.
This study investigates biological treatment of outlet wastewater from flocculation reactor. This stream has an unpleasant odor. So, a biological treatment unit has been used to separate biological contaminants. Results show that 35 min can be considered as optimum oxygen injection time. Results show that the reduction of nitrate and phosphate is 67% and 60.8% with increasing oxygenation time, respectively. Results show that BOD and COD decrease by about 1.8% and 1% with increasing oxygenation time from 35 to 40 min, respectively. Studies show that organic carbon and petroleum hydrocarbons decrease from 20.1 to 4.8 mg/l and 0.14–0.4 mg/l by increasing oxygen injection time from 5 to 35 min, respectively. Results show that wastewater turbidity decreasing is from 4.3 NTU to 2.1 NTU in biological unit. Results show that range of pH is between 9.9 and 10.4.
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