The treatment with infliximab ameliorated some changes associated with cachexia, such as the reduction of adipose tissue and body weight, suggesting that TNFα plays a significant role in mediating these changes induced by the tumor. In addition, infliximab tended to improve or had no effect on other metabolic parameters affected by the Walker-256 tumor, suggesting that other mediators or tumor-related events are involved in these disorders.
TNFα acutely abolished the suppressive effect of physiological, but not supraphysiological, levels of insulin on HGP and glycogenolysis stimulated by cAMP, suggesting an important role of this mechanism to the increased HGP in several pathological states.
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a cytokine involved in many metabolic responses in both normal and pathological states. Considering that the effects of TNFα on hepatic gluconeogenesis are inconclusive, we investigated the influence of this cytokine in gluconeogenesis from various glucose precursors. TNFα (10 μg/kg) was intravenously injected in rats; 6 h later, gluconeogenesis from alanine, lactate, glutamine, glycerol, and several related metabolic parameters were evaluated in situ perfused liver. TNFα reduced the hepatic glucose production (p < 0.001), increased the pyruvate production (p < 0.01), and had no effect on the lactate and urea production from alanine. TNFα also reduced the glucose production (p < 0.01), but had no effect on the pyruvate production from lactate. In addition, TNFα did not alter the hepatic glucose production from glutamine nor from glycerol. It can be concluded that the TNFα inhibited hepatic gluconeogenesis from alanine and lactate, which enter in gluconeogenic pathway before the pyruvate carboxylase step, but not from glutamine and glycerol, which enter in this pathway after the pyruvate carboxylase step, suggesting an important role of this metabolic step in the changes mediated by TNFα.
Objective: to identify the incidence of pressure ulcer (PU) and its risk factors in hospitalized patients in the medical-surgical units of a university hospital. Methodology: this is about a descriptive and quantitative study whose data were collected from November 2008 to February 2009 using a instrument containing demographic and clinical data, characterization of PU and Braden Scale after approved by the Ethics Committee of the State University of Londrina with protocol number 170/08. The results were organized in the database Epi info and analyzed using descriptive statistics Results: among 36 patients studied, the incidence of PU was 2.77%, nineteen patients were included already with PU, these were more frequent in the sacral region (50%) and stage III (37%). Hypertension was a statistically significant variable for the development of PU, as well as the patients with longer length of stay. Conclusion: for prevention of UP, it is the function of the nurse to know the possible risk factors, track changes and implement a clinical protocol and all available measures in health care practice. Descriptors: pressure ulcer; risk factors; incidence.RESUMOObjetivo: identificar a incidência de UP e seus fatores de risco em pacientes internados nas Unidades médico-cirúrgicas de um hospital escola. Metodologia: trata-se de estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com aprovação do Comitê de Ética da Universidade Estadual de Londrina (número de protocolo 170/08), cujos dados foram coletados de novembro de 2008 a janeiro de 2009 por meio de um instrumento com dados demográficos, clínicos, caracterização das UP e Escala de Braden. Os resultados foram armazenados no Epi-info e analisados segundo a estatística descritiva. Resultados: entre os 36 pacientes incluídos na amostra, a incidência de UP foi de 2,77%. Dezenove pacientes já apresentavam UP na inclusão do estudo, sendo estas mais frequentes na região sacral (50%) e no estágio III (37%). Em relação aos fatores de risco, a hipertensão foi uma variável estatisticamente significativa para o desenvolvimento de UP, assim como o tempo de internação mais prolongado. Conclusão: para a prevenção de UP cabe ao enfermeiro conhecer os possíveis fatores de risco, acompanhar as alterações clinicas e aplicar um protocolo e todas as medidas disponíveis na pratica assistencial. Descritores: úlcera por pressão; fatores de risco; incidência.RESUMENObjetivo: conocer la incidencia de la ulcera por presión (UP) y sus factores de riesgo en los pacientes internado en clínica médico-quirúrgica de un hospital universitario. Metodología: estudio descriptivo con abordaje cuantitativo. Después de la aprobación por el Comité de Ética de la Universidad Estadual de Londrina (número de protocolo 170/08), los datos fueron recolectados entre noviembre de 2008 y enero de 2009 a través de un instrumento con datos demográficos, la caracterización clínica de la UP y la Escala de Braden. Los resultados se almacenan en la base de datos Epi Info y analizados según la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: los 36 pacientes incluidos en la muestra, la incidencia de la UP fue del 2,77%. Diecinueve pacientes que ya tenía úlceras por presión durante la inclusión del estudio, más frecuentes en la región sacra (50%) y estadio III (37%). En relación con los factores de riesgo, la hipertensión fue una variable estadísticamente significativa para el desarrollo de la UP, así como el tiempo prolongado de admisión. Conclusión: para la prevención de la UP es la enfermera de conocer los factores de riesgo posible, cambios clínicos, aplicar un protocolo clínico y de todas las medidas posibles en la assistência práctica. Descriptores: úlcera por presión; factores de riesgo; incidencia.
The aim of this research was implement in part the theoretical-methodological proposal of care in the family of chronic diseases bearer, described by Waidman, and evaluate the obtained results. This assistance and convergent qualitative research was carried out between August of 2005 and June of 2006. Five families with a chronic disease bearer, assisted by the Public Health Service of Maringá city, in Paraná – Brazil, was studied. The approach strategies to the studied families were the home visits and the therapeutic groups. The analysis of the obtained data was carried out by contents analyses technique. The obtained results were presented in two categories, family characterization and experiencing the family health troubles. In spite of difficult, was observed that the family caregivers are willing to care of the ill, having affection with them. These facts are fundamental to keep family coexistence.
Objetivo: verificar os desconfortos apresentados por trabalhadores que necessitam utilizar a máscara N95 durante as suas atividades laborais. Método: pesquisa descritiva com delineamento transversal, desenvolvida no Centro Cirúrgico de um hospital de ensino localizado na região Sul do Brasil, no período de junho a agosto de 2019, durante o turno de trabalho diurno. Realizou-se o estudo com os profissionais de enfermagem que estavam expostos à fumaça cirúrgica no período de trabalho. Para a coleta dos dados, utilizou-se um instrumento com detalhamento sociodemográfico e ocupacional dos participantes e entregou-se uma máscara N95 aos profissionais para ser utilizada durante a cirurgia, a fim de verificar o tempo de uso da N95 e os motivos pelos quais os trabalhadores retiraram a máscara durante o ato anestésico-cirúrgico. Resultados: o maior número de trabalhadores (27,7%) utilizou a máscara até 3 horas durante o ato anestésico-cirúrgico, sendo que esse tempo foi relacionado com algumas queixas (p=0,037), tais como incômoda (27,8%), apertada (44,4%) eenjoo (5,6%). A retirada da máscara N95 (p=0,022) por esses profissionais antes do término da cirurgia foi relacionada a essas queixas. Conclusão: os trabalhadores apresentam queixas, como desconforto, máscara apertada e enjoo, sendo que estas estão relacionadas com o tempo de uso, o que precisa ser avaliado por gestores para a utilização da N95.
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