ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to define the photographic patterns that represent the use and occupation of the landcover of the "spring" of the Rico Stream subbasin, located at Monte Alto, state of São Paulo (SP), Brazil, for environmental adaptation regarding the Brazilian Forest Law. The mapping was performed using remote sensing techniques and visual interpretation of the World View image, followed by the digitalization of the net of drainage and vegetation (natural and agricultural) at the AutoCad software with documents and field work. The study area has 2141.53 ha and the results demonstrated that the main crop is sugarcane with 546.34 ha, followed by 251.22 ha of pastures, 191.71 ha of perennial crops, 57.31 ha of Eucalyptus and 49.52 ha of onion, confirming the advance of sugarcane culture in the region. The region has 375.04 ha of areas of permanent preservation (APPs), and of this area it was found that only 72.17 ha (19.24%) has arboreal vegetation or natural forest, and 302.87 ha of these areas need to be enriched and reforested with native vegetation from the region, according to the current legislation. The data of the area enable future proposals of models for environmental adaptation to the microbasin according to the current environmental legislation.
Os índices de Vegetação (IV) são modelos matemáticos desenvolvidos para avaliar a cobertura vegetal e diagnosticar índice de área foliar, biomassa, porcentagem de cobertura do solo, atividade fotossintética e produtividade; e têm sido utilizados com sucesso para o monitoramento de mudanças na vegetação em escala continental, regional e global. São diversos índices propostos e o mais utilizado é o NDVI (Normalizaed Difference Vegetation Index). Há IVs que possuem o objetivo principal de cancelar o efeito do brilho do solo nos casos em que a vegetação é esparsa: NRVI (Normalized Ratio Vegetation Index); PVI (Perpendicular Vegetation Index); DVI (Difference Vegetation Index); SAVI (Soil Ajusted Vegetation Index); TSAVI (Transformed Soil Ajusted Vegetation Index); MSAVI (Modified Soil Ajusted Vegetation Index); WDVI (Weighted Difference Vegetation Index). Alguns IVs foram criados para correção de efeitos atmosféricos como de aerossóis (fumaça, partículas de poluição do ar, poeira): ARVI (Atmosphere Resistant Vegetation Index); EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index). Os IV associados ao sistema de informação geográfica, auxiliam e agilizam as mais diversas pesquisas, principalmente no monitoramento ambiental.
For a long time, the man has been looking for models to represent reality, however, based on traditional logic, we do not consider the complexities that surround ourselves. The Fuzzy logic, by basing itself on linguistic variables, approaches this reality, inserting the uncertainty as part of modeling of the problem. Its sets are more general, because it is attributed to an element the degree of relevance between 0 and 1, which may belong to multiple groups, thus, the applicability of this tool increases considerably, making it possible to assist in decision takings in areas such as health, industry and environment. In geographic information systems, especially to integrate and analyze spatial information, the Fuzzy tool proves to be very useful, generating optimization and accuracy in results of works, besides greater data refinement and showing transitional strips that are not detected by the common models.
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