The delivery of clinical pharmacy services has been growing in Brazilian community pharmacies, and it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the topic. This scoping review aimed to provide an overview of Brazilian studies about clinical pharmacy services in community pharmacies. Original research articles, with no restriction of time, study design, or patient's health condition, were included. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo, and Lilacs. Two reviewers conducted the screening, full-text reading, and data extraction independently. ROB and ROBINS-I were used for the assessment of quality. Charts and tables were built to summarise the data. Seventy-two articles were included. A diversity of study designs, number of participants, terms used, and outcomes was found. São Paulo and Sergipe States had the highest number of studies (n=10). Pharmacists' interventions were not fully reported in 65% of studies, and most studies presented an unclear risk of bias. Studies were very diverse, impairing the comparisons between the results and hindering their reproducibility. This review suggests using guidelines and checklists for better structuration of pharmacists' interventions as well as reporting results and measuring fidelity in future research.
Glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) reduces the risk of complications but requires a rigorous health care routine. Thus, diabetes education is central to increasing treatment compliance and self-care practices. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) and glycemic control of DM1 patients being treated with insulin analogs and receiving medication review with followup. This was a transversal study that included 110 patients registered at the 3 rd Health Regional of Ponta Grossa-PR, aged ≥ 18 years, and receiving pharmaceutical care for at least 1 year. The Diabetes Quality of Life Measure (DQOL)-Brazil was used to evaluate QoL. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 with 95% confidence levels. Of the 110 patients, 58.2% were women. The average age was 33.7 years (±10.5), and the average glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value was 8% (±1.4). The mean total DQOL-Brazil score was 2.11 (95% confidence interval, 2.02 -2.21). All DQOL-Brazil scores were lower in patients with HbA1c ≤ 8%, indicating a better QoL. Good glycemic control, thus, appears to have a positive influence on the QoL, and pharmaceutical interventions are able to contribute to the achievement of therapeutic targets.Uniterms: Diabetes mellitus type 1/treatment. Diabetes mellitus type 1/treatment/quality of life. Pharmaceutical care. Insulin analogs. Pharmacotherapy follow-up. INTRODUCTIONDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic d i s o r d e r s p r i m a r i l y c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y c h r o n i c hyperglycemia. High glycemic levels are associated with micro-and macrovascular complications leading to damage to, and failure of organs such as the eyes (retinopathy), kidneys (nephropathy), nerves (neuropathy), heart, and blood vessels (ADA, 2016; Braga de Souza et al., 2015;Gross et al., 2002).According to the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), the risk of developing chronic complications is higher in patients with chronically high glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and the risk gradually increases with HbA1c levels greater than 7% (Pimazoni Netto et al., 2009). The American Diabetes Association (ADA) defines an HbA1c value < 7% as the acceptable limit for diabetes control. With good glycemic control, patients can be symptom-free, and prevent acute and chronic complications (ADA, 2016;UKPDS, 1999;DCCT, 1988).DM is a chronic condition that requires daily self-care throughout life and has a negative impact on the subjective perception of the quality of life (QoL). However, daily treatment is fundamental to DM control and decreases the risk of complications (Debaty et al., 2008;Wood-Dauphinee, 1999). DM1 therapy includes intensive care demands such as daily blood glucose monitoring, multiple insulin injections, and specific dietary and physical activity recommendations (ADA, 2016). Not understanding all these recommendations and a lack of compliance to treatment leads to a poor glycemic control that can cause severe hyper-or hypoglycemia episodes and chronic complicat...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects many people worldwide and is the most common inflammatory joint disease of autoimmune origin. In Brazil, the treatment for RA is guided by clinical protocols and therapeutic guidelines. This work aims to investigate the profile of patients with RA through the analysis of sociodemographic, clinical, and pharmacotherapy data. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out in the Specialized Component of Pharmaceutical Services (CEAF) in Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil. Patients with RA that received regular pharmacological therapy were included. Most were female, adults between 40 and 59 years old, and exhibited a disease activity score classified as remission. The majority of patients in remission of disease utilized at least a conventional synthetic diseasemodifying antirheumatic drug (csDMARD) or biological synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) in monotherapy or associated with other drugs. The treatment costs were high, mainly by utilizing bDMARDs followed by csDMARDs. Most patients exhibited adequate control of disease progression, and fortunately, only a few cases of drug-related problems were identified. This profile is associated with the therapeutic guidelines for RA treatment in Brazil. The SUS has an important role in guaranteeing high-cost drugs access by health judicialization and access to multidisciplinary health professionals for patients with RA.
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