Аннотация. Рассмотрены причины, масштабы и географические различия сокращения лесистости территории среднего Подесенья от неолита до середины XIX века, описана методика реконструкции ареала распространения лесов сравнением археологических, картографических, исторических материалов; на основе изменения особенностей водопользования получены сведения о влиянии сокращения площади и возраста лесов на сток.Ключевые слова: динамика лесистости, сель скохозяйственное освоение, среднее Подесенье.
The features of the multi-year distribution of vegetation indices are considered as an indicator of the favorable conditions for farming, the correspondence of the set of crops with the soil, geomorphological, microclimatic characteristics of the agrolandscape. The authors presented methodical problems of using information about NDVI for remote determination and monitoring of soil properties through bioproductivity. Methods of collecting and systematizing information on the seasonal and long-term dynamics of NDVI (according to MODIS data) and some factors of the spatial distribution of its mean values were used for a detailed study of the issue. The possible mechanisms of influence of the surface slope (the values are determined by SRTM), the average humus content, the mechanical strength of soils on the NDVI distribution were shown. Information on NDVI arable land changes in the Bryansk region in the years with different meteorological conditions (2010-2015) was given. The general features of NDVI seasonal dynamics within the vegetation period were described – from late March to early November. The influence of meteorological factors on the distribution of NDVI was determined. Synchronous differences in the dynamics of NDVI for groups of arable land plots homogeneous in the state of the surface slope and agrotechnical characteristics of soils were justified from the position of seasonal dynamics of landscapes. A complex ratio of the significance of groups of factors was shown, possible models for explaining their differences in space and time were proposed.
There are a number of different factors that affect the sustainable development of agriculture. Efficient use of land and water resources, taking into account the threats that may arise due to climate change, as well as the dynamics of plant growth and development. Vegetation indices play an important role in monitoring vegetation variations. This article provides information on seasonal and long-term changes in the EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index) of arable land in the Bryansk region. The purpose of the article is to discern the course of the seasonal dynamics of the index, the ranges of its variability, probable causes of differences between 2000-2018. In this article, physicochemical research methods were used to calculate the humus content, surface topography characteristics, and agricultural use features based on cartographic and stock materials, and the soil composition and density were determined through fieldwork. Summarized material on changes in EVI values for a snowless period as a whole and for individual filming intervals (18 per year) in 2000-2018 is presented. The mechanism of the influence of a variety of edaphic vegetation conditions on smoothing the differences in EVI over a series of years with different meteorological conditions has been described. The results of the analysis of the factors of the long-term dynamics are presented, the role of short-term climatic fluctuations, a progressive decrease in the amount of precipitation, and changes in the species composition of grain crops in the long-term dynamics of EVI are demonstrated.
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