This review discusses recent advances in the chemistry of saturated boronic acids, boronates, and trifluoroborates. Applications of the title compounds in the design of boron-containing drugs are surveyed, with special emphasis on α-amino boronic derivatives. A general overview of saturated boronic compounds as modern tools to construct C(sp 3 )À C and C(sp 3 )-heteroatom bonds is given, including recent developments in the Suzuki-Miyaura and Chan-Lam cross-couplings, single-electron-transfer processes including metallo-and organocatalytic photoredox reactions, and transformations of boron "ate" complexes. Finally, an attempt to summarize the current state of the art in the synthesis of saturated boronic acids, boronates, and trifluoroborates is made, with a brief mention of the "classical" methods (transmetallation of organolithium/magnesium reagents with boron species, anti-Markovnikov hydroboration of alkenes, and the modification of alkenyl boron compounds) and a special focus on recent methodologies (boronation of alkyl (pseudo)halides, derivatives of carboxylic acids, alcohols, and primary amines, boronative CÀ H activation, novel approaches to alkene hydroboration, and 1,2-metallate-type rearrangements).
A facile
synthetic route toward either 3- or 5-fluoroalkyl-substituted
isoxazoles or pyrazoles containing an additional functionalization
site was developed and applied on a multigram scale. The elaborated
approach extends the scope of fluoroalkyl substituents for introduction
into the heterocyclic moiety, and uses convenient transformations
of the side chain for incorporation of fluoroalkyl-substituted azoles
into the structures of biologically active molecules. The utility
of the obtained building blocks for isosteric replacement of alkyl-substituted
isoxazole and pyrazole was shown by the synthesis of fluorinated Isocarboxazid
and Mepiprazole analogues.
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