Abstract. In any given field, the psychological examination represents a prerequisite for ensuring that the work process is properly and appropriately directed towards increasing its efficiency. An important aspect of the psychological examination is to identify risk and protective factors associated with developing and maintaining emotional and behavioural problems. Special conditions resulting from emergency situations are likely to lead to physical and emotional tensions. In some intervention and rescue personnel these are accompanied by mobilization of internal resource, while in others they can generate inadequacy phenomena and symptoms of mental distress. From this perspective, stress is regarded as a result of the marked disparity between environmental requirements and the individual's response possibilities. To highlight both cognitive and behavioural coping strategies most often used by rescuers trained in NRDI INSEMEX we used two instruments, namely Strategic Approach to Coping Scale SACS and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire CERQ. This paper displays the results of the project no. PN 16 43 01 12, study conducted through Nucleu program, implemented with the support of NASR.
Intervention and rescue activities require knowledge of the real situation in the affected area as accurately as possible. Therefore, the physical exploration of this area is at the same time necessary and risky. The use of drones from a safe distance can protect the intervention team from exposure to unknown hazards. Endowment of the drone with a suite of sensors such as high resolution cameras, thermal imaging, infrared, and gas detection equipment permits vital data to be transmitted to the base of intervention. Hazardous areas can be studied from different angles, from an altitude that provides a panoramic view, and make available rescuers information about dangers encountered, state of access routes, number of people caught by the event, and control or protective measures that need to be taken. The current paper presents the methods for use and control of drones in support of rescue actions, resulting from tests performed by the research team, trained and certified to use drones, within the National Institute for Research and Development in Mine Safety and Protection to Explosion-NIRD INSEMEX. It was demonstrated that a drone which carries a multigas detector and a high definition video camera can help rescuers which intervene in an area with fire/toxic/flammable hazard. For such a mission, a drone must be capable to flight a long time, to carry the multigas detector and to flight secure without visual contact and without autonomous flight support in case of GPS signal lack. Flights in such conditions impose high power engines with 6-8 propellers for fine adjustments.
Watercourses that transit rural / urban areas are susceptible to the phenomenon of aquatic pollution due to various types of polluting species. The important issues of river pollution and of polluting species dispersion, require an approach with predictive tools (models for transport of polluting species) which can evaluate the performance of depollution measures/actions to reduce pollution and to take optimal management decisions. Thus, from January 2017 to May 2017, a monitoring investigation was carried out on the Maleia watercourse, polluting species concentrations measured by different physical-chemical methods being considered as input data for the Surface Water Modelling Systems (SMS) software in order to establish the dispersion of pollutants in the aquatic environment. The hydrodynamics of the river sector has been simulated through a module of the Surface Water Modelling Systems using the Reynolds form of Navier-Stokes equation system, along with the continuity equation for incompressible fluids in turbulent motion with free surface. The numerical simulation of advection-diffusion processes at an average depth of the studied river sector, was used for analyzing the space-time evolution of aquatic pollutants. The originality of this paper starts from the desideratum that rivers crossing inhabited areas are subjected to discharge of pollutants which implies the analysis of the quality of the studied water course (Maleia), as well as the illustration of the dispersion of certain pollutant species by estimating the dilution times as well as the determination of the iso-concentration field. Numerical models have been obtained for a sector of the Maleia River, providing the possibility of simulating both common and accidental pollution (related to space-time evolution of transport and dispersion of pollutants). The models obtained allowed the estimation of water quality in each finite element of the studied sector, and not just in one sampling point, as it is usually measured.
Intervention and rescue activity in special conditions may be conducted only by trained and authorized personnel using individual protective breathing equipment. While working with the insulating respiratory device, there are a number of factors that make work stressful. As a rule, those working under protection of the insulating respiratory devices, besides carrying on their back a device weighing 14-18 kg, are also subject to great difficulty, in terms of securing their own safety, saving lives, quick-acting under heavy microclimate conditions (high heat and humidity). For interventions demanding predominantly physical effort, in high temperature and humidity environments, where work processes involve large muscle groups, changes in physiological indicators, during or immediately after effort, have been observed, especially in the cardiovascular system and respiratory system. In this respect, the paper presents a research on changes in physiological parameters (pulse and blood oxygen saturation) of intervention and rescue personnel in situations where they have to intervene in high temperature and humidity environments. To that effect, several teams of mine rescue brigadesmen were monitored throughout their training within the National Institute for Research and Development in Mine Safety and Protection to Explosion INSEMEX Petroşani training facility, which may generate the most unfavourable conditions that can be encountered in various emergency situations.
Atmospheric pollutants come from a series of anthropic activities and natural processes. When feeding large amounts of polluting species into the atmospheric layer, the issue of air pollution phenomenology is stated. Atmospheric pollution implies a risk generated by exposure to harmful substances (under different forms of aggregation) for all living organisms in the biosphere. This paper aims to identify the possibility of using an alternative method of determining air quality compared to currently used reference methods. There is the question of checking through statistical tools of the advantage of using a single determination to obtain the pollutant species and the gas concentrations Currently, carbon oxide concentration is determined by non-dispersive IR spectroscopy, nitrogen oxides are determined by chemiluminescence and sulphur dioxide is determined by UV fluorescence, these being the reference methods. For the achievement of highlighting results, the gas concentrations will be determined both by the reference methods and by an alternative method involving Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, imposing on the alternative method quality assurance criteria. By knowing the pollutant levels, can develop various air pollution control technologies and strategies in order to reduce air pollution, also design effective and economically efficient air pollution control strategies for human protection. Expected results involve data processing, obtained from field measurements of polluting species (CO, NOx SO2), through statistical instruments (repeatability / reproducibility limit, bias, accuracy and uncertainty of measurement) and establishing the framing of the results in the performance requirements imposed by the specialized literature in order to use modern methods for quantifying the level of air pollution.
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