An elaborate numerical study of developing a model regarding conjugate effect of fluid flow and heat transfer in a heat conducting vertical walled cavity filled with copper-water nanofluid has been presented in this paper. This model is mainly adopted for a cooling of electronic device and to control the fluid flow and heat transfer mechanism in an enclosure. The numerical results have been provided in graphical form showing effect of various relevant nondimensional parameters. The relevant governing equations have been solved by using finite element method of Galerkin weighted residual approach. The analysis uses a two dimensional rectangular enclosure under conjugate convective conductive heat transfer conditions. The enclosure exposed to a constant and uniform heat flux at the left vertical thick wall generating a natural convection flow. The thicknesses of the remaining parts of the walls are assumed to be zero. The right wall is kept at a low constant temperature, while the horizontal walls are assumed to be adiabatic. A moveable divider is attached at the bottom wall of the cavity. The governing equations are derived for the conceptual model in the Cartesian coordinate system. The study has been carried out for the Rayleigh number Ra =10 6 and for the solid volume fraction 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.05. The investigation is to be arrived out at different non-dimensional governing parameters. The effect of convective heat transfer coefficient, divider position and thickness of solid wall on the hydrodynamic and thermal characteristic of flow has been analyzed. Results are to be presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms and average Nusselt number of the nanofluid for different values of governing parameters.
This work compares heat loss characteristics across a riser pipe of a flat plate solar collector filled water based nanofluid of double nanoparticles (alumina and copper) with single nanoparticle (alumina). Also this study compares heat transfer phenomena among four nanofluids namely water-copper oxide, water-alumina, water-copper and water-silver nanofluids. Comparisons are obtained by numerically solving assisted convective heat transfer problem of a cross section of flat plate solar collector. Governing partial differential equations are solved using the finite element simulation with Galerkin's weighted residual technique. The average Nusselt number (Nu) at the top hot wall, average temperature (θ av ), mean velocity (V av ), percentage of collector efficiency (η), mid-height dimensional temperature (T) for both nanofluid and base fluid through the collector pipe are presented graphically. The results show that the better performance of heat loss through the riser pipe of the flat plate solar collector is found by using the double nanoparticles (alumina and copper) than single nanoparticle (only alumina). When comparing the four nanofluids considering the same solid volume fraction ( = 5%), this study claims that the average Nusselt number for water-Ag nanofluid is higher than others.
Blending is the process of mixing of Base Oil and Additive to produce lubricating oil with the required specifications/characteristics. One of the determining factors to obtain the desired lubrication oil is the homogenization process. In this study, an analysis of the effect of the inlet position, circulation time, and flow velocity on the homogeneity of the resulting mixture was analyzed. The research method used is the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation method with 2-dimensional (2D) fluent software. The flow that occurs in this condition is turbulent with the turbulent model used k-ε (epsilon). The results show that the upper inlet position within 10 minutes has gotten a homogeneous mixture compared to the lower inlet positions (30 minutes) and the center (20 minutes). Fluid flow velocity also affects the homogeneity of lubricating oil where the speed of 3 m/s within 10 minutes has obtained homogeneous results for all inlet positions compared to the velocity of 1.7 m/s and 2.5 m/s. In addition, the circulation time also affects the homogeneity level where for the lower inlet the circulation time needed to achieve homogeneity about 30 minutes. In conclusion, the longer the circulation time, the more homogeneous the mixture is obtained.
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