Introduction: Parkinson's disease is one of the fastest-growing diseases in terms of prevalence, disability, and mortality. Exposure to environmental toxic substances, such as mercury (Hg) can increase the risk of neuronal damage and neurodegenerative diseases. Purpose: The purpose of writing this article is to determine the impact of mercury exposure on the incidence of Parkinson's disease in small-scale gold mining workers. Methods: The author searches for material through the Google Scholars, NCBI, and ScienceDirect search pages by limiting the journals published in 2015-2020. In this review, the authors conducted a study of 33 scientific articles. Results: The small-scale gold mining industry is the largest source of mercury emissions in the world. Mercury gas has a negative impact on the lungs, kidneys, liver, and nervous system. Gold miners have a very high likelihood of being exposed to metallic mercury and suffering occupational mercury intoxication. Discussion: Mercury is known to be a neurotoxin that can cause neuron death and damage to the substantia nigra and other basal ganglia nuclei. Acute mercury exposure can cause tremors, memory loss, respiratory distress, and even death. Gold miners are a group that is exposed to a lot of mercury and suffers from work-induced mercury intoxication. Conclusion: Mercury-induced parkinsonism can be identified because of its predilection for accumulation and palladium and striatum damage such as damage to the substantia nigra pars in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Parkinson's disease is one of the fastest-growing diseases in terms of prevalence, disability, and mortality. Exposure to environmental toxic substances, such as mercury (Hg) can increase the risk of neuronal damage and neurodegenerative diseases. Purpose: The purpose of writing this article is to determine the impact of mercury exposure on the incidence of Parkinson's disease in small-scale gold mining workers. Methods: The author searches for material through the Google Scholars, NCBI, and ScienceDirect search pages by limiting the journals published in 2015-2020. In this review, the authors conducted a study of 33 scientific articles. Results: The small-scale gold mining industry is the largest source of mercury emissions in the world. Mercury gas has a negative impact on the lungs, kidneys, liver, and nervous system. Gold miners have a very high likelihood of being exposed to metallic mercury and suffering occupational mercury intoxication. Discussion: Mercury is known to be a neurotoxin that can cause neuron death and damage to the substantia nigra and other basal ganglia nuclei. Acute mercury exposure can cause tremors, memory loss, respiratory distress, and even death. Gold miners are a group that is exposed to a lot of mercury and suffers from work-induced mercury intoxication. Conclusion: Mercury-induced parkinsonism can be identified because of its predilection for accumulation and palladium and striatum damage such as damage to the substantia nigra pars in Parkinson's disease.

Young adults (18-25 years) are vulnerable to experiencing imbalanced energy levels. To maintain energy balance, they must control their appetite and drive to eat. This can be done by reducing the resting metabolic rate (RMR). RMR is a significant component of total energy expenditure (TEE). Ambonese banana (Musa acuminata cola), which contains inorganic nitrate, can increase nitrite oxide (NO) in the body, which has an essential role in reducing RMR by increasing the efficiency of mitochondrial respiration. This research is experimental with a pretest–posttest design. The subjects were 80 medical students of Muhammadiyah Malang University. RMR was measured using an indirect calorimeter. Analysis of data used t dependent test. The result of the t-conditional test showed that there were significant differences between RMR pre-experiment and post-experiment of the treatment group who had normal BMI (P = 0.009) and overweight BMI (P = 0.028); on the other hand, the result for the control group showing that there were no differences between RMR pre-experiment and post-experiment of normal BMI’s respondents (P = 0.326) and overweight respondents (P = 0.715). The Ambonese banana (Musa acuminata cola) diet increases nitrite oxide (NO) concentration, which has a role in increasing the efficiency of mitochondrial respiration. Efficient mitochondrial respiration causes a decrease in RMR. Keywords: Ambonese banana, resting metabolic rate, young adults