Generally, the quality and availability of groundwater resources can be affected by urbanization. In this research, various impacts of urbanization on the height of the water table and quality of groundwater in an urban aquifer has been investigated for Zahedan city, Iran. The investigations indicated that the widespread use of wastewater discharge wells in the city area had increased the elevation of the water table by 2 to 6 meters and had reduced the salinity of shallow groundwater. The effluent in the city's sewage channel with high EC had no effect on the groundwater quality in the city due to the fact that the channel was cement-lined within the city area. Microbial surveys showed that elevated total coliforms were present in groundwater throughout the city area while fecal coliforms were only present at a limited number of sampling sites. In the central areas of the city, where the groundwater abstraction takes place at high rates from deep wells, the pollution was less. The wastewaters had high level of total coliform and fecal coliform contamination due to the discharge of domestic wastewater through wells and the dumping of solids wastes. The urban water supply network and water treatment plants samples were free of any microbial contamination. Finally, nitrate concentrations in the groundwater were high (27-392 mg/L) and in the wastewater were much higher (up to 600 mg/L).
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