Up to 80% of COVID-19 survivors experience prolonged symptoms known as long COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program in patients with long COVID-19. The rehabilitation program was composed of physical training (aerobic, resistance, and breathing exercises), education, and group psychotherapy. After 6 weeks of rehabilitation in 97 patients with long COVID-19, body composition analysis revealed a significant decrease of abdominal fatty tissue (from 2.75 kg to 2.5 kg; p = 0.0086) with concomitant increase in skeletal muscle mass (from 23.2 kg to 24.2 kg; p = 0.0104). Almost 80% of participants reported dyspnea improvement assessed with the modified Medical Research Council scale. Patients’ physical capacity assessed with the 6 Minute Walking Test increased from 320 to 382.5 m (p < 0.0001), the number of repetitions in the 30 s Chair Stand Test improved from 13 to 16 (p < 0.0001), as well as physical fitness in the Short Physical Performance Battery Test from 14 to 16 (p < 0.0001). The impact of fatigue on everyday functioning was reduced in the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale from 37 to 27 (p < 0.0001). Cardiopulmonary exercise test did not show any change. The multidisciplinary rehabilitation program has improved body composition, dyspnea, fatigue and physical capacity in long COVID-19 patients.

Introduction: Post-COVID syndrome is a common finding during the first year after SARS-CoV-2 infection affecting the daily living of many patients.The aim of this study was to assess the functioning of patients with post-COVID syndrome.Material and methods: A self-reported questionnaire -the Functioning in Chronic Illness Scale (FCIS)-was applied in 79 (30 women, 49 men) patients (mean age of 62.7 ± 13.6 years), suffering from post-COVID syndrome 5.8 ± 2.3 months after discharge from hospital.Results: The mean FCIS score was 86.2 ± 12.8 points, corresponding to medium functioning level. The mean score in the first, second and third subscale was 27.0 ± 6.4; 27.5 ± 3.7; and 31.7 ± 4.3 points respectively. Better functioning was observed in men vs women: the FCIS score 88.59 ± 10.95 vs 82.20 ± 14.71; p = 0.02 and in the youngest patients: first (< 59 years) vs second (59-67 years) vs third tercile (> 67 years): FCIS score 92.76 ± 14.84 vs 83.15 ± 11.64 vs 83.07 ± 9.68; p = 0.01). The amount of time from COVID-19-related hospitalisation did not affect the FCIS score. Conclusion:Symptoms of post-COVID syndrome influencing patients' functioning persist within the first year regardless of the time elapsing from the disease. Men and younger patients demonstrate better functioning abilities.

A substantial proportion of the COVID-19 survivors require the physical and mental support due to the post COVID-19 syndrome. In response to this demand a comprehensive rehabilitation program tailored to the individual needs has been developed. The program is linked with a Post-COVID-19 Rehabilitation (PCR-SIRIO 8) study that aims to objectively evaluate the outcomes of the post-COVID-19 rehabilitation. The study was designed as a prospective, single-center, observational study involving patients suffering from post-COVID-19 syndrome. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria are invited for an initial visit including medical and physiotherapeutic examination. Rehabilitation program includes physical training, therapeutic education, and psychotherapeutic workshops. Individual psychotherapeutic, educational and medical visits are carried out additionally depending on the patient's needs. Closing visit evaluates individual effects of the rehabilitation program.We believe that our observational study will provide knowledge necessary to optimize post-COVID-19 rehabilitation.

Introduction:The 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention introduced significant changes compared to the previous 2016 edition. Particular attention should be paid to the stepwise approach to treating patients with cardiovascular risk factors, based on individual risk stratification. The SCORE scale previously recommended for risk assessment and its Polish adaptation Pol-SCORE have been replaced by SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP in the latest guidelines.The aim of the study: The aim of this study is a parallel cardiovascular risk assessment with Pol-SCORE and SCORE2 in the same patient population.Material and methods: The study included 159 patients aged 40 to 70 years without prior cardiovascular events that were diagnosed with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia between 6 and 24 months before the start of the study. Patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and familial hypercholesterolemia were excluded from the study. Results:The 10-year risk of cardiovascular event (SCORE2) was twice as high as the risk of cardiovascular death (Pol-SCORE). In the Pol-SCORE scale, most patients were at moderate risk (65.41%), while based in the SCORE2 scale the dominant group was in the low-to-moderate risk category (49.06%). Among the patients with moderate risk of cardiovascular death (Pol-SCORE), low-to-moderate, high, and very high CVD risk groups (SCORE2) were reported. In other cases, the risk assessments of cardiovascular death and cardiovascular event appear to be consistent. This observation is confirmed by the strong positive correlation (R = 0.7493; p < 0.0001) between the Pol-SCORE and SCORE2 scales.Conclusions: Cardiovascular risk assessments based on the SCORE and SCORE2 scales are broadly consistent, but in individual cases, the results fall into radically different risk categories.