Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a large group of chaperones found in most eukaryotes and bacteria. They are responsible for the correct protein folding, protection of the cell against stressors, presenting immune and inflammatory cytokines; furthermore, they are important factors in regulating cell differentiation, survival and death. Although the biological function of HSPs is to maintain cell homeostasis, some of them can be used by viruses both to fold their proteins and increase the chances of survival in unfavorable host conditions. Folding viral proteins as well as replicating many different viruses are carried out by, among others, proteins from the HSP70 and HSP90 families. In some cases, the HSP70 family proteins directly interact with viral polymerase to enhance viral replication or they can facilitate the formation of a viral replication complex and/or maintain the stability of complex proteins. It is known that HSP90 is important for the expression of viral genes at both the transcriptional and the translational levels. Both of these HSPs can form a complex with HSP90 and, consequently, facilitate the entry of the virus into the cell. Current studies have shown the biological significance of HSPs in the course of infection SARS-CoV-2. A comprehensive understanding of chaperone use during viral infection will provide new insight into viral replication mechanisms and therapeutic potential. The aim of this study is to describe the molecular basis of HSP70 and HSP90 participation in some viral infections and the potential use of these proteins in antiviral therapy.
Gluten is a mixture of many individual, related proteins that create a storage material in wheat. They are mainly monomeric gliadins and polymeric glutenins forming complexes with each other, stabilized by disulfide bridges, therefore the cysteine that forms them plays a very important role for the structure and functionality of gluten. The article compares the attributes of selected wheats, such as the content of individual nutrients, soil and climate requirements, and properties used in food production. The presence of gluten in food is a problem in terms of its impact on the human body. Focusing research on modifying the wheat genome is expected to lead to obtaining a wheat variant with non-toxic properties for people suffering from celiac disease and various forms of gluten protein intolerance. Specific sequences found in wheat proteins bind to IgE antibodies, causing a variety of disease symptoms. The article discusses the diagnostic criteria for celiac disease and wheat allergy, as well as the impact of gluten withdrawal on the clinical manifestation of celiac disease.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases of connective tissue. The first symptoms of the disease usually appear between the ages of 30 and 50 and include a chronic inflammatory process that causes progressive destruction of the osteoarticular system and organ changes. The etiology of RA is not sufficiently understood so far, and both genetic and environmental factors play a role in the pathogenesis of RA. The diagnosis is based on the criteria of the American Collegium of Reumathology (ACR) and the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) from 2010. Among the methods of physical therapy used in the treatment of RA, cryotherapy (cryostimulation) plays a special role. According to the guidelines of the Ottawa Panel, functional kinesiotherapy should play a special role in RA patients, which aims to restore movement patterns closest to physiology. When using kinesiotherapy in patients with RA, the course of compensatory processes should be monitored. The lack of supervision by a physician and a physiotherapist over the above-mentioned process leads to overload and then deformation of the musculoskeletal system.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.