This invited article looks at the practical and legal implications of cloud brokering, in which cloud service brokers act as intermediaries between cloud service providers and customers.he International Organization for Standardization defi nes a cloud service broker (CSB) as a "cloud service partner that negotiates relationships between cloud service customers and cloud service providers." 1 A cloud service partner is further explained as a "party which is engaged in support of, or auxiliary to, activities of either the cloud service provider or the cloud service customer or both." The second type of partner described in the standard is the cloud auditor. In other words, cloud brokering encompasses a wide range of activities. Essentially, it includes all intermediaries that stand between a cloud service provider (CSP) and a cloud service customer (CSC). The negotiation of relationships is most often understood as a proposition of contract that's satisfying for both customers and providers. Sustainable broker business models must create added value to ensure that CSCs have real interest in using broker services.Motivations for using broker services vary. First, using these services might be more advantageous from an economical viewpoint: CSBs might offer better conditions to customers than CSPs. On the other hand, CSBs might create new channel and marketing opportunities for CSPs, resulting in a growth of sales.A CSB might also take care of additional customer demands. For example, the data sent to the cloud might be subject to special security or compliancy regulations, such as specifi c requirements for data location, encryption, or format. A CSB could select services that fulfi ll these demands. It might also select offers compatible with the other products and services currently used by the consumer, minimizing the time and costs of transitioning to a new cloud. The CSB's selection could also be motivated by additional aspects, including the trust, reputation, environment-awareness (for example, use of green energy), or social responsibility of CSPs.
This research examined spatial perspective taking and its effect on the perception of other people's emotionality. Adopting the perspective of another person is considered an important factor enhancing interpersonal and intergroup relations. However, it requires conscious effort and reflection. Therefore, the aim was to determine whether rotating spatial perspective places demands on cognitive resou rces, thereby affecting automatic perception of other people's emotiona lity. Inspired by previous research, the authors developed the software used in this study. Participants were prompted to move objects on a bookshelf according to the directions of a person standing either on the opposite side of the bookshelf or next to them, on the same side. Using an infra-humanization scale, participants rated their own emotions and those of the person whose perspective they assumed. The results confirmed the hypotheses. Firstly, the need for perspective rotation resulted in decreased performance of the task (lower accuracy and longer time to complete). Secondly, perspective rotation conditions amplified the effect of infra-humanization, i.e., the partner was seen by the participant as less capable of experiencing uniquely human emotions. We can infer that the change of spatial perspective consumed cognitive resources, thereby promoting a simplified and automatic mode of perception.
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