WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT: To date, research on emotional wellbeing among youths has been mostly based on cross-sectional studies, and little is known about its evolution over time.WHAT DOES THIS ARTICLE ADD: Our study adds a longitudinal approach to emotional wellbeing and defines different groups of youths according to their evolution over a two-year period. Stress and perceived health status seem to be the most important factors related to emotional wellbeing. Our research shows the importance of health care professionals exploring psychological health, especially when a youth has atypical somatic complaints. This could allow the early detection of psychological problems and the provision of proper timely treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY:To assess how emotional wellbeing evolves over a two-year period among youths in Switzerland, and to assess their characteristics. METHODS: Data were obtained from the first and third waves of the GenerationFRee study (n = 1311, aged 15-24 at baseline). The sample was divided into four groups according to the evolution of their emotional wellbeing (WB): good at both waves (GoodWB: 67.9%), poor at T1 and good at T3 (BetterWB: 8.4%), good at T1 and poor at T3 (WorseWB: 13.2%), or poor at both waves (PoorWB: 10.4%). Significant variables at the bivariate level were included in a multinomial regression analysis using GoodWB as the reference category. Results are given as relative risk ratios (RRRs). RESULTS:The BetterWB group reported more stress at T1 (RRR 1.34), as did the WorseWB group at T3 (1.43). Those in the WorseWB group were more likely to report poorer health status at T3 (6.51). Finally, the PoorWB group reported more stress at T1 (1.33) and T3 (1.44), and poorer health status at T1 (9.39) and T3 (5.75). Other variables not significant in all groups were perceived onset of puberty, having a chronic condition, area of residence and relationships with parents. CONCLUSION: Using a longitudinal approach, stress and perceived health status seem to be the main factors that change with emotional wellbeing among youths. Inquiring about stress could be a good proxy for emotional wellbe-ing, especially among males, who tend to underestimate their emotional worries.
hypothesize that younger youth and multiple forms of bullying (i.e., verbal, physical, cyber) increase one's odds of reporting current suicidality. Methods: We analyzed data collected between June 2013 and February 2018 from 12,001 adolescent patients in an urban, pediatric ED who self-administered the Behavioral Health Screen-Emergency Department (BHS-ED). The BHS-ED is a computerized, self-administered assessment for adolescents in nonpsychiatric medical settings that evaluates depression, suicide, post-traumatic stress, violence, traumatic exposure, bullying, and substance use. BHS-ED screening is standard of care within this ED for all adolescent patients between ages 14 and 18. The sample identified primarily as female (65.1%) and African American (53%). Participants were, on average, 15.66 years old (SD ¼ 1.27). We used multiple logistic regression to estimate the odds and 95% confidence interval (CI) of current suicidality associated with age and number of bullying incidences (verbal, physical, and/or cyber) after controlling for gender and depressiondfactors considered to be robust predictors for adolescent suicide and bullying. Results: Twenty-eight percent (n ¼ 3, 458) of participants reported being verbally, physically, or cyber bullied one or more times in their lifetime. Twenty-six percent (n ¼ 3,129) of adolescents reported being verbally bullied, 7.5% (n ¼ 899) reported being physically bullied, and 7.6% (n ¼ 908) reported experiencing cyber bullying. Fifteen percent (n ¼ 1,765) of adolescents reported a history of suicidality compared to 6.5% (n ¼ 775) who reported current suicidality. Controlling for gender and depression, younger age (OR ¼ 0.79, 95% CI¼0.74-0.85) and more types of bullying increased the odds of reporting current suicidality (OR ¼ 1.21; 95% CI¼1.10-1.33). Conclusions: Study findings suggest that younger age and experiencing multiple types of bullying (i.e., verbal, physical, and cyber) may serve as important clinical indicators of possible suicidality in adolescent patients presenting to EDs. It is important that emergency clinicians hold an awareness of the association between bullying and suicidality within adolescent patients so that they can promptly respond to such patients with appropriate and effective interventions and referrals.
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