In OLIGO adolescents, elevated serum AMH levels suggest increased antral follicle number similar to that observed in girls with PCOS.

Purpose To compare ovarian morphology in adolescent girls with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Materials and Methods In 21 adolescent girls (12–18 years) without and 19 adolescents with PCOS (diagnosis based on excessive hair growth and irregular menstrual cycles) ovarian volume, antral follicle count (AFC) per ovary, and follicle size were evaluated. MR imaging was performed at 1.5 T or 3 T and axial or angled-axial single-shot echo-train spin echo images of 6 mm slice thickness were acquired. In a subset of subjects, 2 mm images were also obtained. PCOS and non-PCOS groups were compared using mixed affects regression. Results Mean AFC per ovary and ovarian volume were substantially greater in PCOS subjects compared to non-PCOS subjects. Mean follicle size was similar between groups. Follicles exceeding 10 mm were seen in 2/19 PCOS subjects versus 9/21 non-PCOS subjects. Consistently higher follicle counts were detected in images obtained at 2 mm compared to 6 mm slice thickness. Conclusion In adolescence MR imaging of the ovary reveals distinct differences between girls with and without PCOS. MR imaging may help evaluate young patients in whom transvaginal ultrasound is contraindicated.

No abstract