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Background-Empirical evidence is needed to guide adequate post-partum pain relief of methadone and buprenorphine stabilized patients.

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Integrated care programs resulted in satisfactory obstetrical and neonatal outcomes for pregnant women on MMT. Policies promoting maternal-newborn contact, rooming-in, and breastfeeding may help to decrease the severity of NAS and the need for pharmacological treatment of NAS. We strongly recommend the development of similar programs across Canada to address gaps in services.

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