Catalytic performance of catalysts is influenced by process conditions. In this work the influence of temperature, residence time and C2H5OH feed concentration was investigated in ethanol dehydration reaction using the response surface methodology (RSM) for γ‐Al2O3 and CeZrO2 catalysts. The γ‐Al2O3 was prepared using calcination method and CeZrO2 precipitation method. The process indicators (conversion, yield, selectivity) were modeled through the RSM method, and the equations obtained showed a good fit to the experimental data. The optimization results indicate different optimum conditions for each catalyst. For γ‐Al2O3 at 420 °C, 23.5 % of ethanol concentration and 0.65 gs/L, 0.6 molethylene/molethanol is obtained and total conversion. For CeZrO2 at 495 °C, 59 % ethanol concentration and 300 gs/L, 0.38 molethylene/molethanol is obtained and total ethanol conversion. Catalyst characterization was performed using, XRD (x‐ray diffraction), BET (Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area analysis), TPR (Temperature‐programmed reduction) and TPD (Temperature‐programmed desorption).
Objective: to analyze the process of deinstitutionalization resulting from a psychiatric hospital shut down, and know the fate of users after dehospitalization. Method: a descriptive, qualitative study based on the critical-analytical perspective, which had as its setting the Hospital Colônia de Rio Bonito. Institutional documents and narratives of five managers who participated in the deinstitutionalization process were analyzed. Results: Hospital Colônia deinstitutionalization lasted longer than expected. For this to happen, a tripartite intervention was necessary, and especially the mobilization of networks and implementation of Psychosocial Care Networks by the cities. Regarding destination of users, most were referred to therapeutic or transinstitutionalized residences. Final considerations: Hospital Colônia deinstitutionalization led to the establishment of connections between services and people. This was a powerful device for the implementation of Psychosocial Care Networks at municipal level.
This paper aims to evaluate the integration of corn in existent sugarcane mills in Brazil to increase ethanol production. The study considered an autonomous distillery factory of medium-capacity, and the incremental benefits from corn processing during the sugarcane off-season. A process simulation and a cost analysis were developed to estimate the technoeconomic feasibility. The data and parameters employed were in accordance with Brazilian practice. The results show that a sugarcane plant operating 4 months during the off-season with corn requires an investment of US$ 13.4 million, obtained the return of investment in 4 years, and a revenue estimated in US$ 666K yr -1 due to ethanol surplus production.
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