ResumoO presente trabalho estudou a variabilidade temporal das 3 componentes da irradiância solar (global, direta e difusa) na região de Manacapuru, distante 66 km de Manaus-AM, dentro do âmbito do projeto GOAmazon 2014/15, analisando dados relativos aos anos de 2014 e 2015. Também foram analisados dados de cobertura de nuvens e precipitação do mesmo período. Observou-se, de modo geral, que os valores das frações de nuvens foram semelhantes entre os dois anos analisados, situando-se entre valores típicos de 20-25% (estação seca) e 35-40% (estação chuvosa). São apresentados valores típicos das irradiâncias solar global, direta e difusa para diferentes escalas de tempo (horárias e sazonal), bem como as variações destes valores entre os anos 2014-2015 (escala interanual). São também apresentados as interrelações destas 3 componentes para os valores médios horários e mensais e observa-se que as irradiâncias solar global e direta são diretamente relacionadas entre si e inversamente relacionadas com a contribuição difusa. Finalizando, é discutido como o evento EN 2015 impactou as medidas das 3 componentes da irradiância solar a superfície, associando com a menor ocorrência de nuvens/chuva e da presença maior de aerossóis. Palavras-chave: global, difusa, direta, cobertura de nuvens, medida direta. Temporal Variability of Solar Radiation During the GOAmazon 2014/15 Experiment AbstractThe present work studied the temporal variability of the three components of solar irradiation (global, direct and diffuse) at the Manacapuru region, 66 km distant from Manaus-AM, within the scope of the GOAmazon 2014/15 project, analyzing data for the years of 2014 and 2015. Also it was analyzed the cloud cover data and precipitation. In general, the cloud cover for both years were similar and their typical values are 20-25% (dry season) and 35-40% (wet period). The typical values of global, direct and diffuse solar irradiance were presented for different time scale (hourly and seasonal) as well as variations for the years 2014 and 2015 (interannual scale). The interrelationships amongst the 3 components for hourly and monthly values were presented and it can be noticed that global and direct solar irradiances were directly related although both were inversely correlated with the diffuse solar irradiance. Finally, the ENSO 2015 event was discussed and how it was impacted, the measurements as it had lower cloud cover and rain the higher aerosol concentration.
Este trabalho realizou um estudo da variabilidade espacial em 2014 da irradiância solar na região de Manaus-AM, através de dados observacionais, inserido no Projeto GOAmazon 2014/15. Também, como forma complementar, foi realizada a análise da cobertura de nuvens, chuva e aerossóis e suas interrelações com a irradiância solar. Como resultado, observa-se que os menores valores médios da irradiância solar ocorreram na área urbana,o que é justificado, em parte pela urbanização que altera os fluxos envolvidos, diminuindo a irradiância solar à superfície. Os valores típicos são entre 400 e 600 Wm-2na estação chuvosa (fevereiro/março) com um desvio padrão de 200 e 380 Wm-2e entre 650 e 800 Wm-2na estação seca (agosto-setembro) com desvio padrão de 190 e 300 Wm-2. A B S T R A C T The solar radiation is an important climatic element in the Amazon region, as it has a strong impact for ecological (by the preservation of the biodiversity) and technological (as a renewable energy) areas. Consequently, this study contributes for these themes, conducting an observational study of the spatial variability of the solar irradiance for Manaus-AM area, with data collected during the project GOAmazon 2014/15. The cloud cover and rainfall and their relationships with solar radiation were also analysed. The maximum values observed for the wet season (february and march) are in the range 450 and 600 Wm-2 with high standart deviation (300 - 350 Wm-2 ), while they are in the range from 650 and 800 Wm-2 during the dry period (august - september) with lower standart deviation (200 - 300 Wm-2). These values are directly associated with cloud cover and rainfall. In general, the urban area (Manaus city) showed the low values of solar radiation at the surface compared with its neighborhood, inducing a horizontal gradient of clouds/rainfall and solar energy between the city and the semi rural areas. Keywords: piranometer, global solar radiation, cloud cover, total sky imager
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