Medicinal plants are one of the main sources of vitamins, minerals salts, macro-and microelements, and other biologically active substances that have a health and protective effect on the human body. The current study was aimed to appraise the heavy metals contents in the powder materials of two medicinally important plants Echinacea purpurea (L.) and Rhapónticum carthamoídes collected from the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Flavonoids, saponins, amino acid contents quantification were done both in raw materials as well as tincture prepared from both plants via GCMS-QP 2010 Ultra chromatomass spectrometer. Further, tannins concentrations and organoleptic properties of the tincture were elucidated using previously reported standard procedures. In the current study, the concentrations of heavy metals were within the permitted range i.e. lead (0.0027 mg.100g-1), cadmium (0.00012 mg.100g-1), arsenic (ND), mercury (ND). In the crude powder, flavonoids were observed to be in the highest concentration in E. purpurea (L.) (5.5 ±0.20 mg.100g-1), whereas, its concentration was 3.1 ±0.346 mg.100g-1 in R. carthamoídes powder. Tannin concentration was higher in R. carthamoídes (5.5 ±0.115 mg.100g-1) and 3.1 ±0.46 mg.100g-1 in E. purpurea. Likewise, saponins concentrations were 4.1 ±0.40 mg.100g-1 and 5.6 ±0.17 mg.100g-1 in E. purpurea and R. carthamoídes powder respectively. Concentrations of these active metabolites in the resultant tincture were flavonoids (7.6 ±0.23), tannins (7.5 ±0.28), and saponins (8.5 ±0.16) mg.100g-1. In the current study, we observed highest concentrations of these essential amino acids in the tincture including leucine/isoleucine (78.00 ±1.15 mg.100g-1), histidine (14.00 ±1.44 mg.100g-1), lysine (49.33 ±2.02 mg.100g-1), methionine (18.66 ±2.90 mg.100g-1), cystine (29.00 ±0.57 mg.100g-1), phenylalanine (24.16 ±1.87 mg.100g-1) and threonine (32.50 ±1.22 mg.100g-1) respectively. The resultant tincture has a pleasant agreeable taste coupled with acceptable herbal flavor which are important organoleptic properties for any product.
This article shows an installation for encapsulating food products. Ensuring food security, the constant satisfaction of the population's needs for basic foodstuffs, is one of the main directions of ensuring the national security of any state. There is still an open question of obtaining high-quality capsules with properties and characteristics that dissolve in the desired environment, retain the therapeutic effect and at the same time meet the requirements of the consumer (ease of use, efficiency, reasonable cost). An installation for producing microcapsules was made of such parts: they are Mercury ATX Switching Power Supply-450W power supply; aquarium tube; glass washer pump; variable resistor with 10K switch; DC-dc DC voltage stabilizer, LM2596S module; gelatin, sodium alginate solution; electromagnetic mixer; plastic sprayer for spraying water (nozzle); calcium chloride solution. There are many technologies of the encapsulation process. Capsules can be obtained by drip, disk spraying methods. In this work, sodium alginate and gelatin were selected as the encapsulating material. A gelatin solution with the addition of sodium alginate was used as an aqueous solution of the gel-forming mixture. The best option is the composition of capsules containing 0.5% alginate and gelatin, the solution should be used at a temperature of 40° C. Capsules were obtained by the drip method. Capsules obtained from 0.5% sodium alginate were soft, with a smooth surface, with an average size of 2,0×10-3м.
This article discusses the encapsulation of biologically active additives (BAA) and probiotics by spraying method. Today, a large number of BAA are registered in the country, the issue of rational classification of BAA is relevant. In the production of BAA, the use of plants, fungi and BAA that pose a danger to human life and health is not allowed. Currently, the importance of probiotics for enhancing and maintaining human immunity is emphasized.There are many technologies for encapsulating dietary supplements and probiotics: extrusion, spray drying, spray freezing, addition to the matrix, gel encapsulation, encapsulation in a fluidized bed. Based on the literature review, alginate polymer encapsulation technologies are considered.Sodium alginate was selected as the materials for the experiments. A solution of sodium alginate has been prepared. Capsules obtained from 0.5% sodium alginate are soft, with an inhomogeneous surface, not spherical in shape, which is due to the low viscosity of sodium alginate, the average size was 2,0×10-3м.In an experiment with a concentration of a solution of 1% sodium alginate, it was not possible to obtain capsules by spraying due to the high viscosity. The capsules were obtained by the drip method, had a rounded shape, dense structure, the average size was 3,2×10-3м.
Статья посвящена определению влияния кoличecтвa внocимых инкaпcулиpoвaнных биологически активных добавок (БАД) нa измeнeниe opгaнoлeптичecких пoкaзaтeлeй киcлoмoлoчнoгo пpoдуктa. Пocкoльку вocпpинимaeмыe opгaнaми чувcтв тaкиe cвoйcтвa пищeвых пpoдуктoв, кaк вкуc, зaпaх и внeшний вид, гopaздo бoльшe влияют нa выбop пoтpeбитeлями тoгo или инoгo пpoдуктa, чeм eгo cocтaв или питaтeльнaя цeннocть. C пoвышeниeм жизнeннoгo уpoвня и pacшиpeниeм accopтимeнтa пищeвых пpoдуктoв вce бoльшee знaчeниe пpиoбpeтaют их вкуcoвыe cвoйcтвa, apoмaт и внeшний вид. А также определению стpуктуpнo-мeхaничecкиe хapaктepиcтики пpoдукта. Увеличение дозы вносимых инкапсулированных БАД приводит к ухудшению консистенции. Aнaлиз пoлучeнных дaнных пoзвoлил уcтaнoвить, чтo пo мepe увeличeния дoзы инкапсулированных БАД, вязкocть пpoдуктa тaкжe увeличивaeтcя. Пpи кoнцeнтpaции инкaпcулиpoвaнных БАД в 8%, тaк кaк дaннaя кoнцeнтpaция пoзвoляeт пoлучить пpoдукт c нeoбхoдимoй кoнcиcтeнциeй – вязкaя, c paвнoмepным pacпpeдeлeниeм инкaпcулиpoвaнных БАД, пpи упoтpeблeнии кaпcулы мeнee oщутимы. При сравнение контрольного образца и опытного образца (с 8%-ным coдepжaниeм инкaпcулиpoвaнных БАД), опытный образец лишь немного уступает контрольному образцу и благодаря иммуностимулирующим свойствам нивелирует этот разрыв. Пo opгaнoлeптичecким и cтpуктуpнo-мeхaничecким пoкaзaтeлям oптимaльнoй дoзoй внeceния инкaпcулиpoвaнных БАД былo oпpeдeлeнo 8%.
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