In the new competitive electricity market, the accurate operation management of Micro-Grid (MG) with various types of renewable power sources (RES) can be an effective approach to supply the electrical consumers more reliably and economically. In this regard, this paper proposes a novel solution methodology based on bat algorithm to solve the op- timal energy management of MG including several RESs with the back-up of Fuel Cell (FC), Wind Turbine (WT), Photovoltaics (PV), Micro Turbine (MT) as well as storage devices to meet the energy mismatch. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear constraint optimization problem to minimize the total cost of the grid and RESs, simultaneously. In addition, the problem considers the interactive effects of MG and utility in a 24 hour time interval which would in- crease the complexity of the problem from the optimization point of view more severely. The proposed optimization technique is consisted of a self adaptive modification method compromised of two modification methods based on bat algorithm to explore the total search space globally. The superiority of the proposed method over the other well-known algorithms is demonstrated through a typical renewable MG as the test system.
SUMMARYThis paper suggests a new self-adaptive modification method using firefly algorithm (FA) to investigate the multi-objective probabilistic distribution feeder reconfiguration problem. In this regard, the idea of phase angle vector is employed to replace the traditional Cartesian framework in the FA and thus called θ-FA. Also, a new modification method based on an adaptive mechanism is suggested that will allow each firefly to choose the appropriate modification technique during the optimization suitably. As regards the objective functions, the main focus of this paper is to assess the effect of the reconfiguration on the reliability indices including active power losses, voltage deviation, and system average interruption frequency index. In order to handle the uncertainty effects, a sufficient framework based on 2m + 1 point estimate method is proposed too. The satisfying performance of the proposed method is checked using IEEE 32-bus radial distribution system.
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