The paper discusses the mechanical and physical behaviour of hybrid glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP). Hybrid GFRP was fabricated by three different types of glass fibre, namely, 3D, woven, and chopped, which were selected and combined with mixture of polyester resin and hardener. The hybrid GFRP was investigated by varying three parameters which were the composite volume fractions, hybrid GFRP arrangement, and single type fibre. The hybrid GFRP was fabricated by using open mould hand lay-up technique. Mechanical testing was conducted by tensile test for strength and stiffness whereas physical testing was performed using water absorption and hardness. These tests were carried out to determine the effect of mechanical and physical behaviour over the hybrid GFRP. The highest volume fraction of 0.5 gives the highest strength and stiffness of 73 MPa and 821 MPa, respectively. Varying hybrid fibre arrangement which is the arrangement of chopped-woven-3D-woven-chopped showed the best value in strength of 66.2 MPa. The stiffness is best at arrangement of woven-chopped-woven-chopped-woven at 690 MPa. This arrangement also showed the lowest water absorption of 4.5%. Comparing the single fibre type, woven had overtaken the others in terms of both mechanical and physical properties.
Surface finish is one of the most important quality characteristics in manufacturing industries which influences the performance of mechanical parts. This research is focused on the optimization of machining parameters on surface roughness for parting or cut-off operation for the turning process. In machining operations, achieving desired surface quality features of the machined product are really a challenging job. These quality features are highly correlated and are expected to be influenced directly with the effect of process parameters used. Thus, the inputs of machining parameters such as cutting speed (v), feed rates (f) and depth of cut (d) have been selected and the experimental works were designed using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for machining AISI D3 steel. The results revealed that at a minimum cutting speed of 140m/min, a minimum feed rate of 0.01mm/rev and a minimum of depth of cut 1 mm give better surface finish. The study concludes that the surface roughness AISI D3 steel is greatly influenced by feed rate and cutting speed which is proven its reliability to obtain the desired level of surface roughness.
The use of hybrid composite materials has increased due to their special mechanical and physical properties. However, machining of these materials is extremely difficult due to non-homogeneous, anisotropic and highly abrasive characteristics. The performance of machined surface quality of CFRP/Al2024 was described using two level factorial methodology. This research aims to study the interaction effects and significant factors of cutting parameters on the surface quality and optimise the cutting parameter for the surface quality of CFRP/Al2024 1μm to 2μm. The trimming process test was performed under dry conditions using burr tools 6mm diameter of end mills. The factors investigated were spindle speed (N), feed rate (fr) and depth of cut (dc), meanwhile profile roughness parameters (Ra) of CFRP and Al2024 were the response variables. Results show that the best estimated value of fr should be 500 mm/min to 530 mm/min, N is between and 2313.870 rpm to 2336.042 rpm. For both responses, N is the most significant effect followed by fr and dc.
Numerous type of cutting tools has been developed continuously for use in metal cutting and the coated cemented carbides are the most popular in employing many machining strategies to improve machinability of alloy steel. This paper presents on analyze of surface roughness and tool wear on AISI 4140 alloy steel using CNC lathe machine at various machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. Experiments were conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and the interactions of machining parameters were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method. Results showed that the best surface roughness parameter for Ni-YSZ coated tool is at maximum cutting speed, feed rate is minimum and minimum depth of cut which representing 0.28 μm . Whereas, for the tool wear, the best parameter is at minimum cutting speed, minimum feed rate and minimum depth of cut for producing 0.892 μm.
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